孟子“以意逆志”说历来被公认为中国文论中关于文学解释的最具影响力的理论。尽管学界深谙这一理论的历史意义,却很少有人关注过先前观诗传统对它的影响,后来《毛诗序》对它的彻底改造亦研究不多,正是这些忽略阻碍了我们对其起源及演变的认识。到底是什么样的天才灵感使得孟子将一种倾听理解赋诗或引诗的方法转化成一个以读者为中心的复原式解释理论呢?汉代及以后的注《诗》、评《诗》家是怎样对这一理论加以运用的呢?文章力图对这两个重要问题作出粗浅的解答。 Mencius’s theory of “intention to retrograde” has always been recognized as the most influential theory in Chinese literary theory about the explanation of literature. Although the academic community is well versed in the historical significance of this theory, few have paid attention to its influence on the traditional poetic tradition. Later, it has not done much research on its complete transformation. It is these omissions that prevent us Its origin and evolution of understanding. In the end what kind of genius inspiration makes Mencius will be a method of listening to understand poetry or poetry into a reader-centered interpretation of the theory of reinstatement? How to apply this theory? The article tries to make a superficial answer to these two important questions.