一目了然看世界

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  试想一下,如果我们的脑袋是透明的话……这个想法有点吓人,但在海里确实有一种脑袋透明的鱼。一起来见识一下吧。
  
  Photographed 2,000 feet deep in the Pacific Ocean off the California coast, the Macropinna microstoma, known as the “barreleye” fish, is small and dark with large fins, a tiny mouth, and unusual barrel eyes under a transparent dome. The two green spheres in the video are the lenses of its 1)tubular eyes. The eyes are enclosed within the transparent shield, sort of like the glass 2)canopy of a jet fighter. Above the mouth, the two dark capsules that appear to be eyes actually contain the fish’s 3)olfactory organs or the equivalent of4)nostrils.
  Typically, the barreleye sits quietly in the water, using its big fins for stability while it scans the water above for food. When it spots food, it can rotate its eyes to look forward to include its mouth in the field of view. Scientists speculate that the barreleye steals food from 5)siphonophores,6)elongated jellies with 7)tentacles that capture prey that swims into them. They believe the barreleye swims in to the tentacles and steals the food from the siphonophore. The shield over its eyes protects them from the stinging cells of the siphonophore’s tentacles. The barreleye can also rotate its eyes to avoid predators or avoid being captured by scientists.
  The fish, discovered alive by the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, is the first specimen of its kind to be found with its soft transparent dome intact. It’d been known since 1939, but only from mangled specimens dragged to the surface by nets.
  
  大鳍后肛鱼,也就是“管眼鱼”,在美国加利福尼亚州海岸对开的太平洋水下两千英尺(约609米)处被拍到。这是一种鳍大、嘴小的深色小鱼,它透明的头罩里有一双不同寻常的管状眼。在视频里看到的两个绿色的球是它管状眼的晶状体,它的眼睛被包在透明的罩里,就好像是喷气式战斗机的玻璃保护罩一样。在鱼嘴的上方两个看起来像眼睛的深色的囊其实装着鱼的嗅觉器官,也就是相当于鼻孔的器官。
  一般情况下,管眼鱼会安静地呆在水里,用自己的大鳍保持身体的平稳,而双眼则扫视着上方的水域寻找食物。它一旦看到了食物,就会把双眼转向前方,这时,自己的嘴也包括在视野里了。科学家推测,管眼鱼从管水母那里偷食物。管水母是一种带触角的长形水母,通常靠捕捉游到自己体内的猎物为食。科学家相信管眼鱼游到管水母的触角处偷食物,它头上的保护罩可以让它免受管水母触角里刺细胞的伤害。管眼鱼还会转动眼球来逃避敌人,或者逃避被科学家逮着。
  这种鱼的活体是加州蒙特雷湾水族馆研究院发现的,这也是这种头上有透明保护软罩的鱼首次完好无损地被发现。这种鱼早在1939年就已为人所知,但当时它是被渔网拖出水面,混在一堆各种各样的鱼里。
  
  这种好玩的透明鱼让你欲罢不能吧,赶快到www.TopEnglish.net或http://blog.sina.com.cn/crazyenglishecho免费下载MP3,听听对另一种在海底蹦蹦跳跳的鱼的介绍。
  
  水下奇特透明生物
  
  世界之大无奇不有,下列这些生物在水下是透明或接近透明的,但这并不意味着它们会将一切暴露。相反,没有色彩可以辅助它们躲开天敌,以便在漆黑环境下更好地伪装自己。同时,拥有良好的透明性还让它更加漂亮和珍贵,当然这也大大增添了其灭绝的可能。不知道数十年或是数百年后,我们还能不能看到它们的踪影。
  
  1. 透明樽海鞘
  被视为是地球上最有效的固碳生物。据科学家估量,人类发生的三分之一的二氧化碳,可以被樽海鞘处置掉。它们经常吃浮游植物,并排泄出富含碳的密实球状粪便,这些粪便会很快沉到海床上。樽海鞘几乎完整透明,只有它们的胃会暴露它们所在的地位。樽海鞘是群居动物,它们经常会衔接在一起。
  
  2. 透明的“玻璃蛙”
  这种外形独特的青蛙生活在委内瑞拉以及亚马逊和奥里诺科河盆地,属于两栖物种瞻星蛙科(Centrolenidae)家族,它们大多全身是青柠檬绿色,腹部皮肤是透明的,因此,肉眼只要认真察看就能发现它们的心脏、肝脏和消化道都可从透明的皮肤一览无遗。
  
  3. 透明的片脚类动物
  这种透明片脚类动物的学名是“Phronima”,它是近期在北极深海山脉中发明的一些独特物种之一。为了生存,这种微小的类虾动物采取了反其道而行之的策略,它们不是选择躲避,而是将自己里里外外的一切毫无保留地展现出来,试图让自己在捕食者的视线中消失。
  
  4. 神奇的透明水母
  这是一种Arctapodema类水母,它的体长为2.5厘米。水母是能在水中游动的腔肠动物门家族的成员之一,从海洋表面至海底深处,它们的足迹遍布每一个大洋。水母经常呈透明状,它们会用这一优势偷偷潜入鱼群里,捕食靠近它们的鱼儿。同时,跟玻璃乌贼和其他深海海洋动物一样,这种透明水母用生物荧光吸引猎物靠近,然后用触手捉住它们。
  
  5. 透明乌贼
  透明乌贼生活在南半球的海洋环境中,其学名叫做“Teuthowenia pellucida”,它的眼睛上长着光学器官,并具有将本身身材盘成球的才能,就像是一种水生刺猬一样。它是许多深海鱼类的猎物,比如:小丑鲨、鲸和海鸟等。
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