论文部分内容阅读
（一）
People travel for a lot of reasons. Some tourists go to see battlefields or religious shrines. Others are looking for culture， or simply want to have their picture taken in front of famous places. But most European tourists are looking for a sunny beach to lie on.
Northern Europeans are willing to pay a lot of money and put up with a lot of inconveniences for the sun because they have so little of it. Residents of cities like London， Copenhagen， and Amsterdam spend a lot of their winter in the dark because the days are so short， and much of the rest of the year in the rain. This is the reason the Mediterranean has always attracted them. Every summer， more than 25 million people travel to Mediterranean resorts and beaches for their vacation. They all come for the same reason： sun！
The huge crowds mean lots of money for the economies of Mediterranean countries. Italy’s 30，000 hotels are booked solid every summer. And 13 million people camp out on French beaches， parks， and roadsides. Spain’s long sandy coastline attracts more people than anywhere else. 37 million tourists visit yearly， or one tourist for every person living in Spain.
But there are signs that the area is getting more tourism than it can handle. The Mediterranean is already one of the most polluted seas on earth. And with increased tourism， it’s getting worse. The French can’t figure out what to do with all the garbage left by campers around St. Troupes. And in many places， swimming is dangerous because of pollution.
None of this， however， is spoiling anyone’s fun. The Mediterranean gets more popular every year with tourists. Obviously， they don’t go there for clean water and solitude （清净自在）. They tolerate traffic jams and seem to like crowded beaches. They don’t even mind the pollution. No matter how dirty the water is， the coastline still looks beautiful. And as long as the sun shines， it’s still better than sitting in the cold rain in Berlin， London， or Oslo.
1. The writer seems to imply that Europeans travel mostly for the reason that _______.
A） they want to see historic remains or religious spots
B） they are interested in different culture traditions and social customs
C） they would like to take pictures in front of famous sites
D） they wish to escape from the cold， dark and rainy days back at home
2. In paragraph 2， cities like London， Copenhagen and Amsterdam are mentioned _______.
A） to show that they are not good cities in terms of geography and climate B） to tell us how wealthy their residents are
C） to suggest that these cities lack places of historic interest and scenic beauty
D） to prove that they have got more tourism than they can handle
3. According to the passage， which of the following countries attracts more tourists than the others？
A） Italy. B） Spain C） France. D） Greece.
4. The latter half of the last sentence， in paragraph 3， i.e.， “or one tourist for very person living in Spain” means ______.
A） all the 37 million people living in Spain are tourists
B） every year almost as many tourists visit Spain as there are people living in that country
C） every person living in Spain has to take care of a tourist
D） every Spanish is visited by a tourist every year
5. According to the passage， which of the following factors might spoil the tourist’s fun at Mediterranean resorts and beaches？
A） Polluted water. B） Crowded buses.
C） Traffic jams D） Rainy weather.
（二）
As the pace of life continues to increase， we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through life， being on the go from morning till night， it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.
Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. In fact， it is not the bad thing as it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.
The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress， and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first sight of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress， in whatever form， we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between “flight or fight” and in more primitive days the choices made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme， but however little the stress is it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long， through continued exposure to stress， that health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress. Since we cannot remove stress from our lives （it would be unwise to do so even if we could）， we need to find ways to deal with it. 6. Why do people find less and less time for relaxation？
A） Because their life rhythm is faster.
B） Because they are travelling fast all the time.
C） Because they do not think that relaxation is necessary.
D） Because they do not know how to relax themselves.
7. According to the writer， the most important character for a good manager ______.
A） does not fear stress B） has a strong sense of responsibility
C） knows the art of reducing stress D） has excellent management skills
8. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？
A） Stress is always a negative thing to people.
B） There are two ways to deal with stress， to face it or to flee.
C） Different people can withstand different amount of stress.
D） There are various ways to avoid stress.
9. In the last sentence of the passage， “do so” refers to _______.
A） cure the disease resulting from stress
B） remove stress from our lives
C） find ways to deal with stress
D） face stress bravely
10. Which is the best title of the passage？
A） Diseases Resulting From Stress
B） Stress and Life
C） The Right Attitude towards Stress
D） Ways to Deal With Stress
（三）
Where， when and how did the name “cocktail” originate？ The story goes back to the time of the American War of Independence. It happened in the town of Winchester， New York in a small public house. A young waitress named Besty Flanagan made a new drink and she named it “cocktail”. This was because she used a feather pulled from the cock’s tail to stir the mixture to make it even. Just at that time， a group of army officers were waiting at their table and as Besty came up to them with the drink， one of the officers， a Frenchman， shouted in French， “Long Live Cocktail！” Thus people continue to call this drink a cocktail.
From then on， people began to have cocktail parties.
The hours of a cocktail party may range from 5：00 to 8：00 p.m. Time of arrival and departure at a cocktail party is not strict. It is rather flexible. It can be at home or at a hotel.
Invitation may be extended by phone， note， letter or by card. A reply is not necessary unless your host asks for one.
At a cocktail party， women may wear ordinary clothes. Men may wear their business suits.
11. The story of “cocktail” goes back to ______.
A） the American Civil War B） the American War of Independence C） the First World War D） the Second World War
12. Why did Besty call the drink “cocktail”？
A） Because she used the feather pulled from the cock’s tail as a tube.
B） Because she added the feather to the drink as a kind of mixture.
C） Because she used the feather to make the drink more even.
D） Because she liked the name and used to retain her sweet memory.
13. Who was the first person to use the name “cocktail”？
A） Besty Flanagan. B） One of the officers， a Frenchman.
C） A group of army officers. D） One of the villagers.
14. If one is invited to a cocktail party， he ______.
A） doesn’t need to arrive on time
B） should tell the host if he wants to leave earlier
C） should tell the host whether he comes or not for sure
D） should bring the cocktail as a gift to the host
15. Which of the following statements is NOT true？
A） At a cocktail party， women may wear ordinary clothes.
B） A reply to invitation to a cocktail party is essential.
C） Time of leaving the cocktail party is not set.
D） The host can also extend the invitation by note.
People travel for a lot of reasons. Some tourists go to see battlefields or religious shrines. Others are looking for culture， or simply want to have their picture taken in front of famous places. But most European tourists are looking for a sunny beach to lie on.
Northern Europeans are willing to pay a lot of money and put up with a lot of inconveniences for the sun because they have so little of it. Residents of cities like London， Copenhagen， and Amsterdam spend a lot of their winter in the dark because the days are so short， and much of the rest of the year in the rain. This is the reason the Mediterranean has always attracted them. Every summer， more than 25 million people travel to Mediterranean resorts and beaches for their vacation. They all come for the same reason： sun！
The huge crowds mean lots of money for the economies of Mediterranean countries. Italy’s 30，000 hotels are booked solid every summer. And 13 million people camp out on French beaches， parks， and roadsides. Spain’s long sandy coastline attracts more people than anywhere else. 37 million tourists visit yearly， or one tourist for every person living in Spain.
But there are signs that the area is getting more tourism than it can handle. The Mediterranean is already one of the most polluted seas on earth. And with increased tourism， it’s getting worse. The French can’t figure out what to do with all the garbage left by campers around St. Troupes. And in many places， swimming is dangerous because of pollution.
None of this， however， is spoiling anyone’s fun. The Mediterranean gets more popular every year with tourists. Obviously， they don’t go there for clean water and solitude （清净自在）. They tolerate traffic jams and seem to like crowded beaches. They don’t even mind the pollution. No matter how dirty the water is， the coastline still looks beautiful. And as long as the sun shines， it’s still better than sitting in the cold rain in Berlin， London， or Oslo.
1. The writer seems to imply that Europeans travel mostly for the reason that _______.
A） they want to see historic remains or religious spots
B） they are interested in different culture traditions and social customs
C） they would like to take pictures in front of famous sites
D） they wish to escape from the cold， dark and rainy days back at home
2. In paragraph 2， cities like London， Copenhagen and Amsterdam are mentioned _______.
A） to show that they are not good cities in terms of geography and climate B） to tell us how wealthy their residents are
C） to suggest that these cities lack places of historic interest and scenic beauty
D） to prove that they have got more tourism than they can handle
3. According to the passage， which of the following countries attracts more tourists than the others？
A） Italy. B） Spain C） France. D） Greece.
4. The latter half of the last sentence， in paragraph 3， i.e.， “or one tourist for very person living in Spain” means ______.
A） all the 37 million people living in Spain are tourists
B） every year almost as many tourists visit Spain as there are people living in that country
C） every person living in Spain has to take care of a tourist
D） every Spanish is visited by a tourist every year
5. According to the passage， which of the following factors might spoil the tourist’s fun at Mediterranean resorts and beaches？
A） Polluted water. B） Crowded buses.
C） Traffic jams D） Rainy weather.
（二）
As the pace of life continues to increase， we are fast losing the art of relaxation. Once you are in the habit of rushing through life， being on the go from morning till night， it is hard to slow down. But relaxation is essential for a healthy mind and body.
Stress is a natural part of everyday life and there is no way to avoid it. In fact， it is not the bad thing as it is often supposed to be. A certain amount of stress is vital to provide motivation and give purpose to life. It is only when the stress gets out of control that it can lead to poor performance and ill health.
The amount of stress a person can withstand depends very much on the individual. Some people are not afraid of stress， and such characters are obviously prime material for managerial responsibilities. Others lose heart at the first sight of unusual difficulties. When exposed to stress， in whatever form， we react both chemically and physically. In fact we make choice between “flight or fight” and in more primitive days the choices made the difference between life or death. The crises we meet today are unlikely to be so extreme， but however little the stress is it involves the same response. It is when such a reaction lasts long， through continued exposure to stress， that health becomes endangered. Such serious conditions as high blood pressure and heart disease have established links with stress. Since we cannot remove stress from our lives （it would be unwise to do so even if we could）， we need to find ways to deal with it. 6. Why do people find less and less time for relaxation？
A） Because their life rhythm is faster.
B） Because they are travelling fast all the time.
C） Because they do not think that relaxation is necessary.
D） Because they do not know how to relax themselves.
7. According to the writer， the most important character for a good manager ______.
A） does not fear stress B） has a strong sense of responsibility
C） knows the art of reducing stress D） has excellent management skills
8. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage？
A） Stress is always a negative thing to people.
B） There are two ways to deal with stress， to face it or to flee.
C） Different people can withstand different amount of stress.
D） There are various ways to avoid stress.
9. In the last sentence of the passage， “do so” refers to _______.
A） cure the disease resulting from stress
B） remove stress from our lives
C） find ways to deal with stress
D） face stress bravely
10. Which is the best title of the passage？
A） Diseases Resulting From Stress
B） Stress and Life
C） The Right Attitude towards Stress
D） Ways to Deal With Stress
（三）
Where， when and how did the name “cocktail” originate？ The story goes back to the time of the American War of Independence. It happened in the town of Winchester， New York in a small public house. A young waitress named Besty Flanagan made a new drink and she named it “cocktail”. This was because she used a feather pulled from the cock’s tail to stir the mixture to make it even. Just at that time， a group of army officers were waiting at their table and as Besty came up to them with the drink， one of the officers， a Frenchman， shouted in French， “Long Live Cocktail！” Thus people continue to call this drink a cocktail.
From then on， people began to have cocktail parties.
The hours of a cocktail party may range from 5：00 to 8：00 p.m. Time of arrival and departure at a cocktail party is not strict. It is rather flexible. It can be at home or at a hotel.
Invitation may be extended by phone， note， letter or by card. A reply is not necessary unless your host asks for one.
At a cocktail party， women may wear ordinary clothes. Men may wear their business suits.
11. The story of “cocktail” goes back to ______.
A） the American Civil War B） the American War of Independence C） the First World War D） the Second World War
12. Why did Besty call the drink “cocktail”？
A） Because she used the feather pulled from the cock’s tail as a tube.
B） Because she added the feather to the drink as a kind of mixture.
C） Because she used the feather to make the drink more even.
D） Because she liked the name and used to retain her sweet memory.
13. Who was the first person to use the name “cocktail”？
A） Besty Flanagan. B） One of the officers， a Frenchman.
C） A group of army officers. D） One of the villagers.
14. If one is invited to a cocktail party， he ______.
A） doesn’t need to arrive on time
B） should tell the host if he wants to leave earlier
C） should tell the host whether he comes or not for sure
D） should bring the cocktail as a gift to the host
15. Which of the following statements is NOT true？
A） At a cocktail party， women may wear ordinary clothes.
B） A reply to invitation to a cocktail party is essential.
C） Time of leaving the cocktail party is not set.
D） The host can also extend the invitation by note.