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猜测词义，像猜谜语一样，猜猜猜，总是没有把握。
猜测词义的考核类型总是与逻辑有关。一篇文章各段落之间及各句子之间都存在着一定的逻辑关系，正确理解这种逻辑关系有助于你做出快速而准确的选择。这种类型的考题主要是考查你对文章逻辑结构的理解，要求你综合运用各方面的知识——如语法、词汇、语感、逻辑结构等——进行分析判断。只理解个别句子的含义是远远不够的，还必须把上下文的意思联系起来，弄清前后句之间、各段落之间的逻辑关系，从语篇的角度上对文章进行整体性的理解、分析、判断。
其实，考查考生正确理解个别句子的意义及上下文逻辑关系的题目可分为两种：一是涉及各句子之间的指代关系；一是涉及文章各段落之间的关系。常见的命题方式主要有：
1. In Line 5, the word“it”refers to...
2. In the second paragraph, the word“they”means_________.
3. In Paragraph 3..., the word“...”stands for ____.
从某种意义上说，这类题目是一种逻辑推理题，解题方法也与逻辑推理题有些相似。
A
Supermarkets are trying out new computers that make shopping carts more intelligent（具备智能的）. They will help shoppers find cups or toilet soap, and keep a record of the bill.
The touch?鄄screen devices（触摸屏装置）are on show at the Food Marketing Institute’s exhibition here this week.“These devices are able to create value and get you around the store quicker,”said Michael Alexander, manager of Springboard Retail Networks Inc., which makes a smart cart computer called the Concierge.
Canadian stores will test the Concierge in July. A similar device, IBM’s“shopping buddy”, has recently been test?鄄marketed at Stop & Shop stores in Massachusetts.
People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists. Once at the store, a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system（系统）that will organize the trip around the store. If you’re looking for toothpicks, you type in the word or pick it from a list, and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them.
The devices also keep a record of what you buy. When you’re finished, the device figures out your bill. Then you go to the checker or place your card into a self?鄄checkout stand and pay.
1． The underlined word“they”（Paragraph 1）refers to_________.
A． supermarkets B． shop assistants
C． shopping carts D． shop managers
2． The underlined word“device”（Paragraph 3）means _____.
A. a piece of work B. a piece of furniture
C. a piece of equipment D. a piece of cake
3． The underlined word“preferred”（Paragraph 4）means _____.
A. wanted B. beloved C. kind D. told
B
Special Bridges Help Animals Cross the Road
—Reported by Sheila Carrick
Why did the chicken cross the road? To get to the other side.
Most people know this joke. But recently, some people have been much more concerned with how the grizzly bear and mountain lion can cross the road.
Millions of animals die each year on U.S. roads, the Federal Highway Administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today. The main reason? Roadkill.
“Ecopassages”may help animals cross the road without being hit by cars. They are paths both over and under roads.“These ecopassages can be extremely useful, so that wildlife can avoid human conflicts,”said Jodi Hilty of the Wildlife Conservation Society.
But do animals actually use the ecopassages? The answer is yes. Paul Beier of Northern Arizona University found foot marks left by mountain lions on an ecopassage that went under a highway. This showed that the lion used the passage.
Builders of some ecopassages try to make them look like a natural part of an area by planting trees on and around them. Animals seem to be catching on. Animals as different as salamanders and grizzly bears are using the bridges and underpasses.
The next time you visit a park or drive through an area with a lot of wildlife, look around. You might see an animal overpass!
1. The writer uses the example of“ocelots”to show that_________.
A． wild animals have become more dangerous
B． the driving conditions have improved greatly
C． the measure for protecting wildlife fails to work
D． an increasing number of animals are killed in road accidents
2. From the news story, we know an ecopassage is_________.
A． an underground path for cars
B． a fence built for the safety of the area
C． a bridge for animals to get over a river
D． a pass for animals to cross the road
3. When the writer says that animals seem“to be catching on”, he means_________.
A． animals begin to realize the dangers on the road
B． animals begin to learn to use ecopassages
C． animals are crossing the road in groups
D． animals are increasing in number
C
A large number of U.S. presidents had experiences in the army. The best known were Ulysses Grant and Dwight Eisenhower. Grant was general in the American Civil War and Eisenhower was a hero in the Second World War. It happened that they graduated from the same school — West Point Military Academy（西点军校）.
One may be surprised to learn that neither of them did well in the school. Eisenhower, for example, was once fined（受罚）because he broke the rules of the school.
The jobs of U.S. presidents are tiring. He must keep an eye on anything important that happens at home and abroad. Every day, a lot of work await（等待）him to do, and he has to make many important decisions. When Franklin Roosevelt was a child, he was once brought to visit President Taft. The old president said to him,“When you grow up, you should not be president. It’s a tiring job.”
1. According to the phrase underlined in the first paragraph, Ulysses Grant and Dwight D. Eisenhower ________.
A. served in the same army B. graduated at the same time
C. studied in the same time D. were once soldiers
2. The word“surprised”in the second paragraph means that it happened that Grant and Eisenhower were ________.
A. in the American Civil War B. in the Second World War
C. schoolmates D. heroes
3. In the last passage,“keep an eye on”means“________”.
A. take care of B. look carefully at
C. make a careful study of D. think about
Keys:
A
1． A。第二句话中要求辨认主语they指示什么。可根据句法结构猜出其指代物是第一句主语supermarkets。
2． C。本句中根据上下文得知，IBM的shopping buddy是一个“相似装置”。
3． A。prefer是“所偏爱的”，但是在这里做“所需要的”解。
B
1． D。第一句ocelots一词点出在公路上死于交通事故的动物在增加。因为ocelots表示一种“只有80只濒临灭绝的猫”。
2． D。这个生词，我们可通过第一段分析原因得知，是“一个动物穿越马路的通道”。
3． B。to be catching on表示其通道开始起作用，故选项为B。
C
1． D。他们曾经都有参军的经历，意思就是都当过兵。故选D。
2． C。令人惊讶的是，他们都毕业于同一所学校。
3． C。在这里做“仔细分析事情”的意思解。
编辑/孙栎栎
猜测词义的考核类型总是与逻辑有关。一篇文章各段落之间及各句子之间都存在着一定的逻辑关系，正确理解这种逻辑关系有助于你做出快速而准确的选择。这种类型的考题主要是考查你对文章逻辑结构的理解，要求你综合运用各方面的知识——如语法、词汇、语感、逻辑结构等——进行分析判断。只理解个别句子的含义是远远不够的，还必须把上下文的意思联系起来，弄清前后句之间、各段落之间的逻辑关系，从语篇的角度上对文章进行整体性的理解、分析、判断。
其实，考查考生正确理解个别句子的意义及上下文逻辑关系的题目可分为两种：一是涉及各句子之间的指代关系；一是涉及文章各段落之间的关系。常见的命题方式主要有：
1. In Line 5, the word“it”refers to...
2. In the second paragraph, the word“they”means_________.
3. In Paragraph 3..., the word“...”stands for ____.
从某种意义上说，这类题目是一种逻辑推理题，解题方法也与逻辑推理题有些相似。
A
Supermarkets are trying out new computers that make shopping carts more intelligent（具备智能的）. They will help shoppers find cups or toilet soap, and keep a record of the bill.
The touch?鄄screen devices（触摸屏装置）are on show at the Food Marketing Institute’s exhibition here this week.“These devices are able to create value and get you around the store quicker,”said Michael Alexander, manager of Springboard Retail Networks Inc., which makes a smart cart computer called the Concierge.
Canadian stores will test the Concierge in July. A similar device, IBM’s“shopping buddy”, has recently been test?鄄marketed at Stop & Shop stores in Massachusetts.
People can use a home computer to make their shopping lists. Once at the store, a shopper can use a preferred customer card to start a system（系统）that will organize the trip around the store. If you’re looking for toothpicks, you type in the word or pick it from a list, and a map will appear on the screen showing where you are and where you can find them.
The devices also keep a record of what you buy. When you’re finished, the device figures out your bill. Then you go to the checker or place your card into a self?鄄checkout stand and pay.
1． The underlined word“they”（Paragraph 1）refers to_________.
A． supermarkets B． shop assistants
C． shopping carts D． shop managers
2． The underlined word“device”（Paragraph 3）means _____.
A. a piece of work B. a piece of furniture
C. a piece of equipment D. a piece of cake
3． The underlined word“preferred”（Paragraph 4）means _____.
A. wanted B. beloved C. kind D. told
B
Special Bridges Help Animals Cross the Road
—Reported by Sheila Carrick
Why did the chicken cross the road? To get to the other side.
Most people know this joke. But recently, some people have been much more concerned with how the grizzly bear and mountain lion can cross the road.
Millions of animals die each year on U.S. roads, the Federal Highway Administration reports. In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today. The main reason? Roadkill.
“Ecopassages”may help animals cross the road without being hit by cars. They are paths both over and under roads.“These ecopassages can be extremely useful, so that wildlife can avoid human conflicts,”said Jodi Hilty of the Wildlife Conservation Society.
But do animals actually use the ecopassages? The answer is yes. Paul Beier of Northern Arizona University found foot marks left by mountain lions on an ecopassage that went under a highway. This showed that the lion used the passage.
Builders of some ecopassages try to make them look like a natural part of an area by planting trees on and around them. Animals seem to be catching on. Animals as different as salamanders and grizzly bears are using the bridges and underpasses.
The next time you visit a park or drive through an area with a lot of wildlife, look around. You might see an animal overpass!
1. The writer uses the example of“ocelots”to show that_________.
A． wild animals have become more dangerous
B． the driving conditions have improved greatly
C． the measure for protecting wildlife fails to work
D． an increasing number of animals are killed in road accidents
2. From the news story, we know an ecopassage is_________.
A． an underground path for cars
B． a fence built for the safety of the area
C． a bridge for animals to get over a river
D． a pass for animals to cross the road
3. When the writer says that animals seem“to be catching on”, he means_________.
A． animals begin to realize the dangers on the road
B． animals begin to learn to use ecopassages
C． animals are crossing the road in groups
D． animals are increasing in number
C
A large number of U.S. presidents had experiences in the army. The best known were Ulysses Grant and Dwight Eisenhower. Grant was general in the American Civil War and Eisenhower was a hero in the Second World War. It happened that they graduated from the same school — West Point Military Academy（西点军校）.
One may be surprised to learn that neither of them did well in the school. Eisenhower, for example, was once fined（受罚）because he broke the rules of the school.
The jobs of U.S. presidents are tiring. He must keep an eye on anything important that happens at home and abroad. Every day, a lot of work await（等待）him to do, and he has to make many important decisions. When Franklin Roosevelt was a child, he was once brought to visit President Taft. The old president said to him,“When you grow up, you should not be president. It’s a tiring job.”
1. According to the phrase underlined in the first paragraph, Ulysses Grant and Dwight D. Eisenhower ________.
A. served in the same army B. graduated at the same time
C. studied in the same time D. were once soldiers
2. The word“surprised”in the second paragraph means that it happened that Grant and Eisenhower were ________.
A. in the American Civil War B. in the Second World War
C. schoolmates D. heroes
3. In the last passage,“keep an eye on”means“________”.
A. take care of B. look carefully at
C. make a careful study of D. think about
Keys:
A
1． A。第二句话中要求辨认主语they指示什么。可根据句法结构猜出其指代物是第一句主语supermarkets。
2． C。本句中根据上下文得知，IBM的shopping buddy是一个“相似装置”。
3． A。prefer是“所偏爱的”，但是在这里做“所需要的”解。
B
1． D。第一句ocelots一词点出在公路上死于交通事故的动物在增加。因为ocelots表示一种“只有80只濒临灭绝的猫”。
2． D。这个生词，我们可通过第一段分析原因得知，是“一个动物穿越马路的通道”。
3． B。to be catching on表示其通道开始起作用，故选项为B。
C
1． D。他们曾经都有参军的经历，意思就是都当过兵。故选D。
2． C。令人惊讶的是，他们都毕业于同一所学校。
3． C。在这里做“仔细分析事情”的意思解。
编辑/孙栎栎