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You Had Me at Hello
Remember that famous line from the movie 1）Jerry Maguire， where Renée Zellweger says to Tom Cruise...
（Soundbite from Jerry Maguire）
Renée Zellweger： （as Dorothy Boyd） You had me at hello. You had me at hello.
Turns out there’s some scientific evidence backing this up， according to psychologist Phil McAleer at the University of Glasgow， Scotland.
Phil McAleer： From that first word you hear a person speak...
Voice： Hello.
Phil： ....you start to form this impression of the person’s personality.
To explore this， McAleer recorded 64 people—men and women from Glasgow—reading a paragraph in which the word “hello” occurred. He then 2）extracted all the hellos， got over 300 3）participants to listen to the different hellos and to rate them...
Phil： On one of 10 different personality traits.
Such as 4）trustworthiness， 5）aggressiveness...
Phil： …confidence， 6）dominance， warmth.
Basically， asking each participant...
Phil： What is your first impression of a person from the moment you hear them speak？
Here are a couple of examples of what the participants listened to and rated.
Man A： Hello.
Phil： That voice， for our participants， was rated the most trustworthy male voice in the study.
Versus this voice.
Man B： Hello.
This speaker was rated the most untrustworthy male.
Phil： The sort of guy you’d want to avoid， or you wouldn’t really want to talk to on the phone. In the 7）pitch of the two voices， the trustworthy male says “hello” really quite high-pitched， like， “hello.”Whereas， the untrustworthy guy kind of says it in more of a， like， “hello.”
Likewise for the female voices.
Woman A： Hello.
That female voice was rated the most dominant personality.
Phil： So the dominant female， you can hear in her voice—again， it sounds like the pitch is lower. So it sounds like she’s speaking in a bit more of a deeper voice.
Compared with the voice of the woman who was rated the least dominant.
Woman B： Hello.
Phil： In the non-dominant female that you just played there， it doesn’t have that strength in the voice anymore.
Now， McAleer says it doesn’t really matter whether the ratings of personality accurately reflect a speaker’s true personality. What matters， he 8）contends， is that most participants rated the voices the same way.
Phil： So we’ve asked 300 different people who don’t know each other to rate 64 voices that they’ve never heard before. And from that， what we find is that they all seem to perceive that that voice is the most trustworthy， and another voice is the least trustworthy. And for the other personality traits—such as dominance， warmth， confidence...
Phil： They rate in a very similar fashion as well.
In less than a second， we make a snap judgment about somebody’s personality， says Jody Kreiman， a UCLA researcher who studies how we perceive different voices. Hearing just a brief 9）utterance， we decide whether to approach the person or to avoid them. Such rapid 10）appraisals， she adds， have a long 11）evolutionary history. It’s a brain process found in all 12）mammals.
Jody Kreiman： So， you know， biological things， things that are important for behavior and for survival， tend to happen pretty fast. You don’t have a huge amount of time. It has to be a simple system of communication.
And it doesn’t get much simpler than a simple hello， rapidly communicating friend or foe； a phenomenon that Phil McAleer has now dubbed the Jerry Maguire Effect—13）underscoring the old 14）adage： You never get a second chance to make a first impression.
还记得电影《甜心先生》里那句经典台词吗，就是蕾妮·齐薇格对汤姆·克鲁斯说的……
（电影《甜心先生》片段）
蕾妮·齐薇格：（饰演多萝西·博伊德）你的一声“你好”便打动了我的心，你的那声“你好”打动了我。
苏格兰格拉斯哥大学心理学家菲尔·麦卡利尔的研究结果表明，原来这种说法是有科学依据的。
菲尔·麦卡利尔：从你听到一个人说第一句话起……
声音：你好。
菲尔：……你就开始对这个人的性格形成了印象。
为了研究这一现象，麦卡利尔请格拉斯哥的64名男女朗读一段话，并录制下来，这段话中含有“你好”这个词。然后，他摘选出所有人说的“你好”，让300多个实验参与者听这些人说的“你好”，并进行评价……
菲尔：从十个不同的性格特征中选出一个。
比如诚实、进攻性……
菲尔：……自信、主导、热情。
主要是询问每个参与者……
菲尔：在你听到说话的那一刻，你对这个人的第一印象是什么？
以下是几个参与者听了录音后进行评价的例子。
男士甲：你好。
菲尔：我们的参与者认为这个声音的主人是该项研究所有录音者中最值得信任的男士。
相比这个声音：
男士乙：你好。
这个说话者被评为最不可信赖的男士。
菲尔：这是那种你想回避，或者不愿在电话上与其交流的人。从这两种声音的声调看，值得信任的男士说“你好”时，声调确实相当高，像这样，“你好”。而不可信赖的人说起话来就更像是这种调：“你好”。
对女声的评价结果相似。
女士甲：你好。
这个女声的主人被认为最具主导型的性格。
菲尔：这是主导型女性，你可以从她的声音听出来——同样，这听起来好像音调低些，她听上去似乎在用稍微深沉一点的声调讲话。
与被评为最不具备主导性的女性声音相比：
女士乙：你好。
菲尔：在这个你刚刚听到的非主导性的女声中，再也听不到声音里的那种力量。
好了，麦卡利尔说，这种性格评估能否反映出讲话者的真实性格其实并不重要，他称，重要的是大部分参与者都对声音做出相同的评价。
菲尔：我们邀请了300个互不相识的人对64个他们以前从未听过的声音进行评估。从这个实验中我们发现，他们似乎都认为某个声音是最值得信任的，而另一个声音是最不可信赖的。
而对其他的性格特征——比如主导型、热情、自信……
菲尔：他们的评价也很相似。
乔迪·克莱曼是美国加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究员，专门研究人们如何感知不同的声音。她说，我们在不到一秒钟的时间里，就会对某人的性格作出快速判断，仅仅凭听到的一句简短话语，我们就决定是要接近这个人还是避开他。她补充道，这种快速评估有着悠久的进化历史，这是在所有哺乳动物中都存在的大脑反应方式。
乔迪·克莱曼：因此，你知道，在生物学里，那些关乎行为及生存的重要东西，其反应往往异常迅速，你没有大量时间去处理，它必须是一个简单直观的传达系统。
要迅速传达是友是敌的信息，没有比一句简单的“你好”更简便的方式了，菲尔·麦卡利尔现在将这现象称为“甜心先生”效应——它也应验了一句谚语：你永远不会有第二次机会去建立第一印象。
Remember that famous line from the movie 1）Jerry Maguire， where Renée Zellweger says to Tom Cruise...
（Soundbite from Jerry Maguire）
Renée Zellweger： （as Dorothy Boyd） You had me at hello. You had me at hello.
Turns out there’s some scientific evidence backing this up， according to psychologist Phil McAleer at the University of Glasgow， Scotland.
Phil McAleer： From that first word you hear a person speak...
Voice： Hello.
Phil： ....you start to form this impression of the person’s personality.
To explore this， McAleer recorded 64 people—men and women from Glasgow—reading a paragraph in which the word “hello” occurred. He then 2）extracted all the hellos， got over 300 3）participants to listen to the different hellos and to rate them...
Phil： On one of 10 different personality traits.
Such as 4）trustworthiness， 5）aggressiveness...
Phil： …confidence， 6）dominance， warmth.
Basically， asking each participant...
Phil： What is your first impression of a person from the moment you hear them speak？
Here are a couple of examples of what the participants listened to and rated.
Man A： Hello.
Phil： That voice， for our participants， was rated the most trustworthy male voice in the study.
Versus this voice.
Man B： Hello.
This speaker was rated the most untrustworthy male.
Phil： The sort of guy you’d want to avoid， or you wouldn’t really want to talk to on the phone. In the 7）pitch of the two voices， the trustworthy male says “hello” really quite high-pitched， like， “hello.”Whereas， the untrustworthy guy kind of says it in more of a， like， “hello.”
Likewise for the female voices.
Woman A： Hello.
That female voice was rated the most dominant personality.
Phil： So the dominant female， you can hear in her voice—again， it sounds like the pitch is lower. So it sounds like she’s speaking in a bit more of a deeper voice.
Compared with the voice of the woman who was rated the least dominant.
Woman B： Hello.
Phil： In the non-dominant female that you just played there， it doesn’t have that strength in the voice anymore.
Now， McAleer says it doesn’t really matter whether the ratings of personality accurately reflect a speaker’s true personality. What matters， he 8）contends， is that most participants rated the voices the same way.
Phil： So we’ve asked 300 different people who don’t know each other to rate 64 voices that they’ve never heard before. And from that， what we find is that they all seem to perceive that that voice is the most trustworthy， and another voice is the least trustworthy. And for the other personality traits—such as dominance， warmth， confidence...
Phil： They rate in a very similar fashion as well.
In less than a second， we make a snap judgment about somebody’s personality， says Jody Kreiman， a UCLA researcher who studies how we perceive different voices. Hearing just a brief 9）utterance， we decide whether to approach the person or to avoid them. Such rapid 10）appraisals， she adds， have a long 11）evolutionary history. It’s a brain process found in all 12）mammals.
Jody Kreiman： So， you know， biological things， things that are important for behavior and for survival， tend to happen pretty fast. You don’t have a huge amount of time. It has to be a simple system of communication.
And it doesn’t get much simpler than a simple hello， rapidly communicating friend or foe； a phenomenon that Phil McAleer has now dubbed the Jerry Maguire Effect—13）underscoring the old 14）adage： You never get a second chance to make a first impression.
还记得电影《甜心先生》里那句经典台词吗，就是蕾妮·齐薇格对汤姆·克鲁斯说的……
（电影《甜心先生》片段）
蕾妮·齐薇格：（饰演多萝西·博伊德）你的一声“你好”便打动了我的心，你的那声“你好”打动了我。
苏格兰格拉斯哥大学心理学家菲尔·麦卡利尔的研究结果表明，原来这种说法是有科学依据的。
菲尔·麦卡利尔：从你听到一个人说第一句话起……
声音：你好。
菲尔：……你就开始对这个人的性格形成了印象。
为了研究这一现象，麦卡利尔请格拉斯哥的64名男女朗读一段话，并录制下来，这段话中含有“你好”这个词。然后，他摘选出所有人说的“你好”，让300多个实验参与者听这些人说的“你好”，并进行评价……
菲尔：从十个不同的性格特征中选出一个。
比如诚实、进攻性……
菲尔：……自信、主导、热情。
主要是询问每个参与者……
菲尔：在你听到说话的那一刻，你对这个人的第一印象是什么？
以下是几个参与者听了录音后进行评价的例子。
男士甲：你好。
菲尔：我们的参与者认为这个声音的主人是该项研究所有录音者中最值得信任的男士。
相比这个声音：
男士乙：你好。
这个说话者被评为最不可信赖的男士。
菲尔：这是那种你想回避，或者不愿在电话上与其交流的人。从这两种声音的声调看，值得信任的男士说“你好”时，声调确实相当高，像这样，“你好”。而不可信赖的人说起话来就更像是这种调：“你好”。
对女声的评价结果相似。
女士甲：你好。
这个女声的主人被认为最具主导型的性格。
菲尔：这是主导型女性，你可以从她的声音听出来——同样，这听起来好像音调低些，她听上去似乎在用稍微深沉一点的声调讲话。
与被评为最不具备主导性的女性声音相比：
女士乙：你好。
菲尔：在这个你刚刚听到的非主导性的女声中，再也听不到声音里的那种力量。
好了，麦卡利尔说，这种性格评估能否反映出讲话者的真实性格其实并不重要，他称，重要的是大部分参与者都对声音做出相同的评价。
菲尔：我们邀请了300个互不相识的人对64个他们以前从未听过的声音进行评估。从这个实验中我们发现，他们似乎都认为某个声音是最值得信任的，而另一个声音是最不可信赖的。
而对其他的性格特征——比如主导型、热情、自信……
菲尔：他们的评价也很相似。
乔迪·克莱曼是美国加州大学洛杉矶分校的研究员，专门研究人们如何感知不同的声音。她说，我们在不到一秒钟的时间里，就会对某人的性格作出快速判断，仅仅凭听到的一句简短话语，我们就决定是要接近这个人还是避开他。她补充道，这种快速评估有着悠久的进化历史，这是在所有哺乳动物中都存在的大脑反应方式。
乔迪·克莱曼：因此，你知道，在生物学里，那些关乎行为及生存的重要东西，其反应往往异常迅速，你没有大量时间去处理，它必须是一个简单直观的传达系统。
要迅速传达是友是敌的信息，没有比一句简单的“你好”更简便的方式了，菲尔·麦卡利尔现在将这现象称为“甜心先生”效应——它也应验了一句谚语：你永远不会有第二次机会去建立第一印象。