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【摘 要】在高考阅读理解中，主旨大意题的考查占有一定的比重，为了能在高考中突破主旨大意题，需要用科学，有效的方法在平时加以训练。
【关键词】高频词；略读；主题句
在高考阅读理解中，主旨大意题的考查占有一定的比重，下面是2013年高考阅读理解中涉及主旨大意的题：
1.What is the main purpose of this web page？（2013重庆卷）
2.What is the passage mainly about？ （2013重庆卷）
3.What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage？ （2013重庆卷）
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text？（2013全国新课标卷2）
5.The main purpose of the passage is to________。（2013北京卷）
6.What is the main idea of Paragraph3？ （2013北京卷）
7.What could be the best title for the passage？（2013天津卷）
8.What is mainly discussed in Paragraph？（2013江西卷）
9.What might be the best title for the passage？（2013辽宁卷）
10.The passage is mainly concerned with__________。（2013辽宁卷）
11.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about？（2013湖北卷）
12.Which would be the best title for the passage？（2013湖北卷）
13.The text is mainly about _________。（2013安徽卷）
14.What can be the best title for the text？（2013安徽卷）
15.The main purpose of the passage is _________。（2013湖南卷）
17.What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage？（2013四川卷）
18.What is the purpose of the passage？（2013广东卷）
19.Which of the following is the best title of this passage？（2013广东卷）
20.What would be the best title for the passage？（2013福建卷2道题）
21.The main purpose of the passage is to _______。（2013浙江卷）
主旨大意题解题方法与步骤：略读法是理解全文大意的快速而有效的方法，略读的关键是能抓住文章要点的前提下，以个人最快的速度阅读，主要目的是尽快获得足够的信息以便准确的回答问题，利用略读法去做阅读时，要特别注意首尾两段，要学会寻找段落的主题句，这是高效省事地抓住段落要点的捷径，同时也是准确理解文章大意的有效途径。在做题时要注意以下步骤：
1.先看问题，看是否有和主旨相关的题目，了解题目类别和提问方式。搞清是问某一段还是全文的大意。
2.再看首尾段和各段开头，找出主题句或通过浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨。许多文章中最明显的特征之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词，抓住了它，便轻而易举地抓住了中心
3.以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气或意图等其他深层次问题。主题句通常出现在文章第一段、最后一段或由归纳总结每段的首句而得出。只反映文章局部观点的选项肯定不对。
选择标题题型的解答：与选择主题的方法一样，所选标题必须能概括全文中心内容，要恰如其分，既不能只是对某个细节的概括，也不能包括文章没有提及的内容。选择标题和主题实际上是考查同一问题——文章主旨大意，只不过它们的选项形式有所不同：前者通常是一个名词词组，后者通常以一句话的形式出现。
考查作者写作目的的题型：它不同于对主题的考查，但它们之间有密切的关系。作者的写作目的必须通过归纳中心主题才能找到，因为写作目的是阐述作者为何要表达这个中心主题，是作者写这篇文章的意图，通常体现为advise，convince（说明），present，propose，warn等词。
以2013年高考安徽卷阅读B为例：
Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger， but we also affect our water supply in less obious ways. You may wonder how paving a road can lead to less useable fresh water.A major part of the water we use every day is goundwater.Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers.It comes from underground .The more roads and parking lots we pave， the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater. Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages（短缺）。Driver climates are of course more likely to have droughts（干旱）than areas with more rainfall ，but in any case， good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs。
Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference，too In the United States ，a family of four can use 1.5tons of water a day ！ This shows how much we depend on water to live ，but there’s a lot we can do to lower the number。
You can take steps to save water in your home。To start with ，use the same glass for your drinking water all day。Wash it only once a day .Run your dishwasher（洗碗机）only when it is full。Help your parents fix any leaks in your home 。You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away。
63. The text is mainly about .
A.Why paving roads reduces our water
B.how much we depend on water to live
C.why droughts occur more in dry climates
D.how human activity affects our water supply
本题考查主旨大意的归纳和把握能力。答案D 本文为议论文，文章开门见山直入主题：第一句为主题句，…clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger， but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways.讨论的是人类影响水供应的显形和隐形方式。第二段首句“Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages（短缺）”似乎将话题转入自然方面的原因，但接下来的“but in any case， good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs”又将话题转回到人类自身方面——管理。第三段“Thinking about the way we use watereery day can make a big difference， too.”以及第四段“You can take steps to sae water in your home.”均指向的是人类行为对于水供应的影响。每段的主题句均出现在第一句上，综合文章内容，故选D。
这类题型的突破，重在积累，勤于练习，平时无论阅读什么文章，都要有意识地侧重一下这方面的训练，勤思考，多总结，以便提高自己快速而准确解题的能力。
【关键词】高频词；略读；主题句
在高考阅读理解中，主旨大意题的考查占有一定的比重，下面是2013年高考阅读理解中涉及主旨大意的题：
1.What is the main purpose of this web page？（2013重庆卷）
2.What is the passage mainly about？ （2013重庆卷）
3.What is the author’s main purpose of writing the passage？ （2013重庆卷）
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text？（2013全国新课标卷2）
5.The main purpose of the passage is to________。（2013北京卷）
6.What is the main idea of Paragraph3？ （2013北京卷）
7.What could be the best title for the passage？（2013天津卷）
8.What is mainly discussed in Paragraph？（2013江西卷）
9.What might be the best title for the passage？（2013辽宁卷）
10.The passage is mainly concerned with__________。（2013辽宁卷）
11.What is Paragraph 4 mainly about？（2013湖北卷）
12.Which would be the best title for the passage？（2013湖北卷）
13.The text is mainly about _________。（2013安徽卷）
14.What can be the best title for the text？（2013安徽卷）
15.The main purpose of the passage is _________。（2013湖南卷）
17.What is the author’s purpose of writing this passage？（2013四川卷）
18.What is the purpose of the passage？（2013广东卷）
19.Which of the following is the best title of this passage？（2013广东卷）
20.What would be the best title for the passage？（2013福建卷2道题）
21.The main purpose of the passage is to _______。（2013浙江卷）
主旨大意题解题方法与步骤：略读法是理解全文大意的快速而有效的方法，略读的关键是能抓住文章要点的前提下，以个人最快的速度阅读，主要目的是尽快获得足够的信息以便准确的回答问题，利用略读法去做阅读时，要特别注意首尾两段，要学会寻找段落的主题句，这是高效省事地抓住段落要点的捷径，同时也是准确理解文章大意的有效途径。在做题时要注意以下步骤：
1.先看问题，看是否有和主旨相关的题目，了解题目类别和提问方式。搞清是问某一段还是全文的大意。
2.再看首尾段和各段开头，找出主题句或通过浏览全文，抓住关键字眼，把握主旨。许多文章中最明显的特征之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词，抓住了它，便轻而易举地抓住了中心
3.以掌握主旨为前提，处理推断作者语气或意图等其他深层次问题。主题句通常出现在文章第一段、最后一段或由归纳总结每段的首句而得出。只反映文章局部观点的选项肯定不对。
选择标题题型的解答：与选择主题的方法一样，所选标题必须能概括全文中心内容，要恰如其分，既不能只是对某个细节的概括，也不能包括文章没有提及的内容。选择标题和主题实际上是考查同一问题——文章主旨大意，只不过它们的选项形式有所不同：前者通常是一个名词词组，后者通常以一句话的形式出现。
考查作者写作目的的题型：它不同于对主题的考查，但它们之间有密切的关系。作者的写作目的必须通过归纳中心主题才能找到，因为写作目的是阐述作者为何要表达这个中心主题，是作者写这篇文章的意图，通常体现为advise，convince（说明），present，propose，warn等词。
以2013年高考安徽卷阅读B为例：
Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger， but we also affect our water supply in less obious ways. You may wonder how paving a road can lead to less useable fresh water.A major part of the water we use every day is goundwater.Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers.It comes from underground .The more roads and parking lots we pave， the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater. Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages（短缺）。Driver climates are of course more likely to have droughts（干旱）than areas with more rainfall ，but in any case， good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs。
Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference，too In the United States ，a family of four can use 1.5tons of water a day ！ This shows how much we depend on water to live ，but there’s a lot we can do to lower the number。
You can take steps to save water in your home。To start with ，use the same glass for your drinking water all day。Wash it only once a day .Run your dishwasher（洗碗机）only when it is full。Help your parents fix any leaks in your home 。You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away。
63. The text is mainly about .
A.Why paving roads reduces our water
B.how much we depend on water to live
C.why droughts occur more in dry climates
D.how human activity affects our water supply
本题考查主旨大意的归纳和把握能力。答案D 本文为议论文，文章开门见山直入主题：第一句为主题句，…clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger， but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways.讨论的是人类影响水供应的显形和隐形方式。第二段首句“Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages（短缺）”似乎将话题转入自然方面的原因，但接下来的“but in any case， good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs”又将话题转回到人类自身方面——管理。第三段“Thinking about the way we use watereery day can make a big difference， too.”以及第四段“You can take steps to sae water in your home.”均指向的是人类行为对于水供应的影响。每段的主题句均出现在第一句上，综合文章内容，故选D。
这类题型的突破，重在积累，勤于练习，平时无论阅读什么文章，都要有意识地侧重一下这方面的训练，勤思考，多总结，以便提高自己快速而准确解题的能力。