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目的调查新疆某60×104t/a电石厂职业病危害因素的危害程度、对劳动者健康的影响、职业病危害防护设施运行情况及其效果。方法通过现场检测和职业卫生学调查,检测该作业场所职业病危害因素浓度(或强度),分析其职业病危害程度,并对其进行定性、定量评价。结果检测生产性粉尘、物理及化学有害因素共34种,超过国家职业卫生标准的职业病危害因素有7种。涉及49个岗位,17个工种,企业现场检测,其中共检测粉尘点位76个,合格44个,合格率58%;检测化学毒物93个点位,合格84个,检测合格率为90.3%;噪声检测涉及41个点位,合格35个,合格率为85.4%;高温检测涉及30个点位,合格点位28个,合格率为93.3%。电离辐射、工频电场强度检测合格率为100%。结论新疆某60×104t/a电石厂职业病危害因素主要是生产性粉尘、物理及化学有害因素,以煤尘、电石粉尘、氯气、氧化钙、噪声、一氧化碳为主。企业要把超标作业点及其劳动者作为重点监视和管理对象;通过改进工艺流程,加强职工个人防护,采取有效的职业病危害防护措施保护劳动者健康,促进企业健康稳步发展。
Objective To investigate the degree of harm of occupational hazards in a 60 × 104t / a calcium carbide plant in Xinjiang, its impact on workers’ health, the operation of protective equipment against occupational hazards and its effects. Methods Through the field test and occupational hygiene survey, the concentration (or intensity) of occupational hazards in the work place was detected, the degree of occupational disease hazard was analyzed, and the qualitative and quantitative evaluation was made. Results A total of 34 kinds of productive dust, physical and chemical hazards were detected. There were 7 kinds of occupational hazards that exceeded the national occupational health standards. Involving 49 positions, 17 types of work, enterprise-site testing, of which a total of 76 dust spots were detected, 44 qualified, a pass rate of 58%; 93 chemical poison detection points, qualified 84, the test pass rate was 90.3% Noise detection involved 41 points, passing 35, with a pass rate of 85.4%; high temperature testing involves 30 points, 28 passing points, with a pass rate of 93.3%. Ionizing radiation, power frequency electric field test pass rate of 100%. Conclusion The occupational hazards of a 60 × 104t / a calcium carbide plant in Xinjiang are mainly productive dust, physical and chemical hazards. Coal dust, calcium carbide dust, chlorine, calcium oxide, noise and carbon monoxide are the main pollutants. Enterprises should regard over-standard operating points and their laborers as the key monitoring and management targets. By improving the technological process and strengthening the personal protection of employees, effective protective measures against occupational hazards should be adopted to protect the health of workers and promote the healthy and steady development of the enterprises.