孰能无过

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  Hostess: Instead of frowning on mistakes,teachers are now increasingly encouraging students to learn through trial and error,to dare to make mistakes and learn from them.
  A good example is found in the way computer games are constructed.In order to keep players engaged,failures mean getting a chance to try something else,so players keep trying if they get it wrong the first time.
  女主持人:现在老师会越来越倾向于鼓励学生们通过尝试和错误去学习,敢于出错并从中学习,而不是一味对错误感到反感。
  电脑游戏的构建模式就是一个很好的例子。为了让玩家一直玩下去,失败只是意味着用其他方法进行尝试,因此玩家即使开始时出错了,也还是会继续尝试。
  Host: Steve Harris is not just an avid gamer,he’s alsoan educational consultant.While playing Super Mario,he had a “1)eureka” moment that the theories behind video games could be used in classrooms.
  Steve Harris: I think part of it,as well,is the…the moment when you’ve tried,and you’ve tried,and you’ve tried again,and you finally crack it.It’s that feeling,and you literally see people do it when they go,“YES!” That’s why you play.That’s why you keep trying.
  Host: Steve Harris trains teachers and gives them some tools to deal with mistakes in class through video games.The tip to reverse mistakes on opportunities to learn is motivation.
  Steve: Why is it that children don’t mind failing at computer games,and yet they do feel threatened when they fail at school? And,actually,computer games handle the way that they motivate children completely differently.Computer games make failure a very low risk,low,it’s a non-threatening event,when you fail in a computer game.
  Host: The difference between failure in the real world versus the virtual world is something teachers see in classrooms all the time.Kids often don’t take risks because failure is public and often very embarrassing.Another way that video games motivate children is by offering them the choice of levels between low,medium and high,another theory which can make its way into the classroom.
  男主持人:史蒂夫·哈里斯不仅仅是电玩热衷者,还是一位教育顾问。他在玩《超级马里奥》时,突然灵机一动,想到电子游戏背后的理论可以应用在课堂中。
  史蒂夫·哈里斯:我认为人们不断尝试的部分原因在于,一遍又一遍地尝试后,会突然迎来成功的那一刻。就是那种感觉,当人们喊“耶”时,你确实能感受到那种喜悦。这就是你玩游戏的原因,不断尝试的原因。
  男主持人:史蒂夫·哈里斯对教师进行培训,教他们如何把从电子游戏中学到的方法用于处理学生在课堂上犯的错误。让错误成为学习机会的关键就在于激励。
  史蒂夫:为什么孩子们在游戏中输了也不在意,而在课业上犯错却使他们担心害怕?实际上,电脑游戏鼓励孩子们的方式是完全不同的。在电脑游戏中失败了也不需承担什么风险,输掉游戏没什么可怕的。
  男主持人:失败在现实世界中和虚拟世界中的区别老师们都能在教室中看到。课堂上的失败会人尽皆知,让人难堪,因此孩子们都不想冒这个险。
  电子游戏激励孩子们的另一种方式是让他们自己选择低、中、高的难度等级,这个理论同样能应用于课堂中。


  Johnathan (teacher): If you…if you set them and give them the worksheet they’re gonna do,you...you’re automatically limiting what they can do.Whereas,if you give them a choice of what challenge they’d like,it gives them a chance to surprise themselves,and also surprise you,I think.   Host: The challenge for teachers is to make sure their students can feel that failure in real life doesn’t mean “Game over.”
  Hostess: And now we catch up with a teacher in Mexico who also believes that young people learn best by experimenting.In this classroom it’s all about art,and they are learning languages through poetry.Let’s see how that works out.
  Host: In the Mexican city of Merida,there is a place where failing can be beautiful.At Habla Lab School students learn languages,not by taking tests,but through art.In this classroom,students don’t learn vocabulary and grammar lists by heart,but they engage in performances.Mistakes are never punished.They’re seen as opportunities to learn.
  Kurt Wootton (founder of Habla Center): The way we live in the world is really about trying things out,experimenting,making some mistakes along the way,and then figuring what we can learn from the mistakes to…to
  乔纳森(老师):如果你……如果你设定好题目,然后给他们完成试题,那你就限制了他们的发挥。相反,如果你让他们选择他们自己想要的挑战,这就给了他们收获惊喜的机会,我想这也会给老师带来惊喜。
  男主持人:让学生们意识到在现实生活中失败并不意味着“玩完了”,这是老师们要面对的一个挑战。
  女主持人:现在,我们看看一位墨西哥老师的故事,她同样相信年轻人通过体验尝试来学习的效果最好。在这个教室里,一切都与艺术有关,他们是通过诗歌来学习语言的。让我们去看看学生们是怎样学习的吧。
  男主持人:在墨西哥梅里达市有一个地方,在那里失败也展现出美。在哈布拉实验学校,学生学习语言的途径不是考试而是艺术。课堂上,学生们在艺术表演中学习词汇和语法,而不是靠死记硬背。出错的人从不会受到惩罚,错误被看成是学习的机会。
  库尔特·伍顿(哈布拉学校的创办人):我们生活在世上的方式就是去尝试、试验,在这个过程中出点错,然后弄明白我们能从错误中学
  move forward.So that’s really what we want to do here.We want an education environment that reflects how we really are as human beings in the world,not some fake education environment that is about taking 2)pop quizzes.In life we don’t have pop quizzes ever.
  Host: Imperfections are tolerated but only as a necessary step to achieve success.All students exchange ideas,point out what’s wrong or what can be improved.Here,constant achievement is not demanded.
  Garcla (artist): (via translator) We’re not born knowing.We listen to what our parents or siblings say,and we repeat,and repeat it wrongly.But later we learn how to say it right.It’s the same way in what we learn here.Then,it’s fun.
  Host: Here,these young students enhance their creativity writing 3)haikus,an art form where there are no rules but a world of possibilities.After trying out different combinations and discussing several drafts,they finally find a haiku that suits them best.Jessica Gilliam (teacher): Mistakes are part of the process,that we need them.Then it becomes fun,and…and it’s great.The…the students appreciate their own work,and they’re willing to create.
  到什么,再继续前进。因此这就是我们在这所学校真正想做的事情。我们想要创造一个能反映我们在现实世界中如何生活的教育环境,而不是那些进行随堂测验的脱离现实的教育环境。在生活中,我们不会有随堂测验。
  男主持人:不完美是可以容忍的,那不过是取得成功的一个必要的步骤。学生们会交换意见,指出什么是错的,或如何去改善。在这里,他们无需不停地取得好成绩。
  加克拉(艺术家):(通过翻译)我们不是一生下来就什么都知道。我们听父母或兄弟姐妹说话,然后去模仿,会常常说错。但后来我们都学会怎样说话。我们在这里也是这样学习的。这样很有趣。
  男主持人:在这里,这些年轻的学生在通过写俳句来提高创造力,俳句是一种没有规则,但有无限可能性的艺术形式。他们在尝试了不同的组合并讨论了几份草稿后,最终找到了最适合自己的俳句。
  杰西卡·吉列姆(老师):错误是学习过程中必不可少的一部分,这个过程变得很有趣,也很有效果。学生们很欣赏自己的作品,也愿意去创作。

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