论文部分内容阅读
The preamble of the Charter of the United Nations expressed the determination of the peoples of the United Nations “to save the succeeding generations from the scourge of war.” Since its creation in 1945， this has continued and will continue to be the core objective of the United Nations. To make progress towards this， the Charter set the promotion of human rights as one of its primary role and requested the Member States of the organization to pledge full commitment to human rights. Three years later， on 10 December 1948， the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Universal Declaration of Human Rights， which substantiated this commitment of the United Nations and its Member States. The preamble of this momentous Declaration reaffirmed the interlinked relation between human rights and peace， stating that “recognition of the inherent dignity and the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom， justice and peace in the world.” The preamble further reminds us that “disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind， and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people”.
联合国宪章的序言表达了联合国人民“欲免后世再遭战祸”的决心。自1945年联合国创立以来，这已成为并将继续成为联合国的核心目标。为了将其推进，该宪章将促进人权作为其主要任务之一，并要求其会员国宣誓对人权的承诺。三年后，1948年12月10日，联合国大会通过了《世界人权宣言》，这证实了联合国及其会员国的承诺。这一重大宣言的序言重申了人权与和平之间的相互关系，并指出“对人类家庭所有成员的固有尊严及其平等和不移的权利的承认，乃是世界自由、正义与和平的基础”。序言进一步提醒我们，“对人权的无视和侮蔑已发展成为野蛮暴行，这些暴行玷污了人类的良心，而一个人人享有言论和信仰自由并免于恐惧和匮乏的世界的来临，已被宣布为人民普遍的最高愿望”。
Since then， we have celebrated the adoption of this historic document on 10 December each year， which is now known as the “Human Rights Day”. For nearly seventy years， the United Nations have actively produced numerous international human rights instruments including legally binding human rights treaties and created multiple forms of human rights mechanisms to promote and protect human rights. However， the reality is yet far from the full enjoyment of human rights by everybody everywhere in the equal manner. The ultimate goal of the international community to achieve “all human rights for all” is yet to be within our reach.
As the international community continued to devote much energy and efforts to human rights norm setting and creation of human rights mechanisms， importance of human rights education has increasingly been recognized engaging the attention of all. The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action adopted at the World Conference on Human Rights in 1993 reaffirmed the recognition of its importance. That led to the adoption of the General Assembly Resolution 49/184 in 1994 which proclaimed the United Nations Decade for Human Rights Education from 1995 to 2005. There human rights education is defined as “training， dissemination and information efforts aimed at the building of a universal culture of human rights through the imparting of knowledge and skills and the molding of attitudes”. There is no doubt that the responsibility to promote and protect human rights rest on the states. However， it is imperative to begin the efforts toward realization of human rights at the individual level by empowering each individual as human rights holders and disseminating the set of values and attitudes to respect human rights of each other. All our efforts resulting in the adoption of specified and detailed human rights instruments will only be meaningful and worthwhile when human rights education will emerge as a basic but fundamental vehicle to create and sustain the society based on the culture of human rights. Human rights education enables more holistic approach than piece by piece approach focusing on specific human rights categories. Human rights education is promotional but more positive and preventive by strengthening capacities of individuals， communities and states in the area of human rights through daily activities and continuing efforts than responding to human rights violations. 从那时起，我们每年都庆祝通过这一历史性文件的12月10日，也就是现在众所周知的“人权日”。近七十年来，联合国积极地制定了大量的国际人权文书，包括签订具有法律约束力的人权条约和建立多种形式的人权机制，以促进和保护人权。然而，现实情况距离世界各地人人均能用平等的方式充分享受人权还相差甚远。国际社会实现“一切人权为人人”的最终目标还要待我们继续努力。
随着国际社会继续致力于制定人权规范和建立人权机制，人权教育的重要性已经越来越受关注。于1993年世界人权会议上通过的维也纳宣言和行动纲领重新承认了它的重要性，于是通过了联合国大会1994年第49/ 184号决议，宣布自1995年至2005年为联合国人权教育十年。人权教育被定义为“通过传授知识、技能和态度模范以建立普遍的人权文化所进行的培训、传播和信息交流的努力”。毫无疑问，促进和保护人权的责任要依靠各个国家。然而，当务之急是从个人层面开始努力实现人权，授予每一个人拥有人权者和传播互相尊重人权的价值观和态度是当务之急。我们所有努力的结果是这些通过了的明确详细的人权文件，只有当人权教育成为创造和维护基于人权文化的社会的一个基本但又是根本的途径时，这些文件才有意义和价值。人权教育注重于具体的人权类别更需要整体研究法而不是片面分析法。人权教育的宣传，不仅需要应对对人权的侵犯，更需要通过日常活动和持续努力来积极加强个人、社区和国家在人权领域的能力。
The annual observance of the Human Rights Day is an opportunity for us to recall our commitment to promote and protect human rights as indispensable condition for peace. The foundational assertion of this interrelatedness first proclaimed in the UN Charter and in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was reiterated and embedded in a stronger conceptual anchor when the UN General Assembly adopted the Programme of Action on Culture of Peace in 1999. This is a truly historic document， which takes a holistic and positive approach to sustainable peace and provides a framework for structuring the culture of peace through eight concrete and practical areas of actions.
Fully recognizing the intertwined relation between the culture of peace and human rights， the Programme of Action emphasized the importance of human rights and placed it high as the third area of actions among eight， preceded by education and sustainable development. In identifying specific actions in the area of human rights， the Culture of Peace Programme of Action listed first of all the full implementation of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action and highlighted some of the key elements such as development of national plans of action for the promotion and protection of all human rights， strengthening of national institutions and capacities in the field of human rights， including through national human rights institutions， realization and implementation of the right to development. Also listed are the realization of the goals of the United Nations Decade for Human Rights Education and dissemination and promotion of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights at all levels. Through human rights education， we learn about our rights but we also learn how to exercise our rights in a responsible manner. Human rights should not be exercised by negatively affecting the human rights of others like through propaganda of hate and violence as a freedom of expression. When we are able to exercise human rights without any cost and negative impact to others， it will create the appropriate environment for advancing the culture of peace in a big way. For building the culture of peace， it is essential for individuals to be able to form， express and exchange their opinions freely， as the culture of peace calls for promoting peaceful settlement of conflicts through dialogue， negotiation， consensus-building based on mutual respect for different thoughts and opinions. Right to education is indispensable for the culture of peace as education is the key for the individuals to gain and develop skills necessary for such dialogue， negotiation， consensus-building and peaceful resolution of differences. Protecting these human rights is also interlinked to other action areas in the Culture of Peace Programme of Action such as democratic participation as well as participatory communication and the free flow of information. Promoting economic and social rights such as right to an adequate standard of living including food， safe drinking water， clothing and housing and right to be free from hunger will contribute to bolstering the culture of peace by promoting sustainable economic and social development， which is the second in the listing of the action areas of the Programme.
每年纪念人权日都会让我们回想起我们的承诺，促进和保护作为和平不可或缺的条件——人权。这个相互关联的基本声明首次在联合国宪章中提出，在世界人权宣言中重申，并在1999年联合国大会通过的和平文化行动纲领中以一个更加强有力的概念被采纳。这是一个真正的历史性文件，需要一个全面和积极的方法来实现可持续的和平，并提供一个通过八大具体和实际领域行动来构建和平文化的框架。
行动纲领充分认识到了和平文化与人权之间的关系，强调了人权的重要性，并把人权作为八大领域行动中的第三个，仅次于教育和可持续发展。在确定人权领域的具体行动方面，和平文化行动纲领首先列出了维也纳宣言和行动纲领的所有落实方面，并强调了一些关键要素，如国家促进和保护所有人权行动计划的发展，在人权领域加强国家机构和能力，包括通过国家人权机构，实现和落实发展权。还列出了实现联合国十年人权教育的目标和从各个层面传播与推广世界人权宣言。通过人权教育，我们不仅了解了我们的权利，而且我们还知道了如何负责任地行使我们的权利。人权的行使不应该通过将仇恨和暴力作为一种表达自由的宣传方式而产生负面的影响，从而影响其他人的人权行使。当我们能够行使人权但不给他人带来任何代价和负面影响时，将为促进和平文化创造出适当的环境。
建设和平文化，对于个人来说，能够自由地形成、表达和交换意见，这是必不可少的，因为和平文化需要通过基于相互尊重不同的想法和意见的对话、协商、建立共识来促进解决冲突的和平方式。受教育的权利对于和平文化不可或缺，因为教育是个人对话、协商、建立共识、和平解决分歧所必须要获得和发展技能的关键。保护人权与和平文化行动纲领的其他行动领域也相互关联，例如民主参与，以及参与性交流和信息自由流动。促进经济和社会权利，如获得充分的生活水平的权利，包括食物、安全的饮用水、衣物、住房权和免于饥饿的权利，将通过促进经济社会可持续发展从而有助于促进和平文化，这是纲领的第二个行动领域。
In the area of human rights， I would like to focus specially on the rights of the child. Children are the starting point of any society， but challenges they face daily are overwhelming. Violence against children is being perpetrated everywhere. Bullying in schools and family violence are the most common forms of violence frequently experienced by children. Such violence negatively affects the development of a child for the rest of life. The Committee on the Rights of the Child set up under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child analyzed that “A respectful， supportive child-rearing environment free from violence supports the realization of children’s individual personalities and fosters the development of social， responsible and actively contributing citizens in the local community and larger society”. It further says that research shows that children who have not experienced violence and who develop in a healthy manner are less likely to act violently， both in childhood and as adults. Preventing violence in one generation reduces its likelihood in the next. It is true as the Committee emphasizes， protection of the child from violence is “a key strategy for reducing and preventing all forms of violence in societies” and for promoting “freedom， justice and peace in the world”. It is critical for children whether they become used to violence in those places of their daily lives such as family and school or gain and develop own capacities and skills to interact with others， face the challenges of life and settle inter-personal conflicts in a peaceful， non-violent and non-aggressive manner. The UN proclaimed the period of 2001 to 2010 as the “International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World.” This commitment and activism seen during this period should not end with the specified timeframe and our responsibilities need to remain unchanged， if not advanced， beyond the Decade. In this connection， let me recall the importance of the role and equality of participation of women in creating， sustaining and reconstructing peace which was recognized in the Security Council Resolution 1325 adopted in 2000. If we are committed to make the world the safer place for the child with no violence， we need to ensure that mothers - including the future mothers - are empowered by their own equality and are able to encourage increasing participation and involvement of children as a responsible part of the family.
在人权领域，我尤其想要关注儿童的权利。儿童是社会的朝阳，但是他们每日却又面临巨大的挑战。儿童暴力四处上演。学校欺凌和家庭暴力是儿童最常接触到的两种暴力形式。这种暴力对儿童以后的人生发展会造成负面影响。《联合国儿童权利公约》指导下成立的儿童权利委员会指出：“远离暴力、尊敬、互助的儿童成长环境有助于实现儿童的个性发展，并有助于在全社区乃至全社会中培养有责任感、积极奉献的市民。委员会还进一步指出，调查显示没有经历暴力的儿童以及在健康环境下成长的儿童发生暴力行为的可能性更小，在儿童期或成年期都是如此。在一代人中预防暴力，下一代人发生暴力的可能性就会降低。正如委员会所强调的，保护儿童远离暴力是“全社会减少和预防各种形式的暴力的一项关键策略”，而且有助于实现“全世界的自由、正义与和平”。儿童是否会适应他们日常生活场所中的暴力，例如家庭和学校，或者他们是否能够获得并开发自己与他人交流的能力和技巧，以一种平和、非暴力并且非侵略性的方式面对生活中的挑战以及解决人际冲突，这对儿童是至关重要的。
联合国宣布2001年到2010年作为“世界儿童和平、非暴力文化国际十年”。这一时期见证的承诺和行动主义不应该局限于指定的时间内，我们的责任依然未变，或许这十年之后还会有更多责任。在这一点上，让我强调一下在建立、维持和重建和平的过程中妇女参与的作用和平等的重要性，这一点在2000年通过的安理会第1325号决议中已获得认可。如果我们致力于让这个世界成为一个远离暴力，对儿童更加安全的世界，我们就需要确保所有的母亲包括准母亲能够享受平等，能够帮助他们的孩子承担起更多的家庭责任，从而更多地参与和融入到家庭中来。
I believe next year will be an opportune time to highlight the role of children as important actors in promoting the culture of peace. The year 2014 marks the 25th anniversary of the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Its Third Optional Protocol of this Convention gives children the international rights to send communications if there is a violation of the treaty. Availing of this timely opportunity， we should combine our efforts in the interrelated areas of children’s rights and the culture of peace and the key focus of our efforts should be on enhancing children’s participation.
It is very necessary and appropriate for us to get together to continue to review progress， identify challenges， bring new ideas， involve more people and reaffirm and renew our commitment to promote the culture of peace. The annual High Level Forum on The Culture of Peace convened by the President of the UN General Assembly is a wonderful opportunity for this purpose. As a matter of fact， it was inspiring for us to have listened to Ambassador Anwarul Chowdhury in the high level segment of the 2013 Forum’s opening session while recalling his determined and skillful leadership guiding the drafting process of the Declaration and Programme of Action in late Nineties towards its consensus adoption. He has been the inspirational symbol of the global movement for promoting the culture of peace. 我相信明年将会是一个合适的时机，来强调儿童作为重要角色以促进和平文化的传播。2014年是《儿童权利公约》通过的第25个年头。公约的第三版任选议定书赋予儿童国际性的权利，如果发现有违反条约的情况，儿童即可以发送信息。利用这种及时的信息途径，我们应该在儿童权利和和平文化的相关领域整合我们的工作，并且我们工作的重心应是在提高儿童的参与方面。
我们应当聚在一起审查进展、认清挑战、带来新思路，让更多的人参与进来，重申并再次承诺对和平文化的努力。联合国大会主席召集的一年一度的和平文化高层论坛恰好是实现此次机会的最佳契机。事实上，在2013年论坛开幕的高层会议阶段，我们听到安瓦鲁·K·乔德哈瑞大使的演讲非常振奋人心，再回想起大使指导九十年代后期宣言和行动纲领的起草时期，为了使其获得一致性通过，安瓦鲁·K·乔德哈瑞大使展现出了他坚决和娴熟的领导技巧。安瓦鲁·K·乔德哈瑞大使已经成为了推进全球和平文化运动的鼓舞人心的精神象征。
The core message of this article is the intrinsic relation between peace and human rights. In this regard， I would like to conclude this article by making a reference to the on-going work of the UN on the human right to peace. We have come a long way in transforming the peace and security as the business for states into the concern for each and every individual human being by promoting the concept of human security. But still it is not enough. Peace needs to be formally recognized as a human right. Can we accept that we are living in peace if our life， liberty or security of person is being constantly threatened？ Can we call it a peaceful society where people are suppressed to freely express their thoughts and choices under restrictive regimes？ If the human right to peace is formally recognized and codified by the UN as a self-standing right at both collective and individual levels， it will be a major step forward in advancing the culture of peace as called for by the United Nations. With the recognition of the human right to peace， the culture of peace becomes more meaningful and purposeful. I call upon the Member States of the United Nations to work hard to achieve this objective in the soonest possible timeframe and civil society to continue its determined support for the early recognition of this crucial， all-important right. The sooner the international community is able to do that； the world will be a better place to live.
本文的核心是说明和平与人权的固有联系。在这一点上，我想引用联合国对和平人权的现行工作来做本文的结尾。在将和平安全从国家事务转变为与每个人息息相关的事务中，我们做出了很多努力，宣传了人类安全的概念。但是，我们仍需努力。和平需要正式被认可为人权。如果我们的生命、自由或安全一直都受到威胁，我们怎么能接受我们是生活在和平之中呢？如果人们受到严酷制度的压制而不能自由表达自己的观点和选择，我们怎么能将这个社会称为和平社会呢？如果和平人权正式被联合国认可并作为一项独立的权利，并且对集体和个人都是如此，那么这在推进和平文化的历程中将是重要的一步，这也正是联合国所期望看到的。随着和平人权获得认可，和平文化就会更加有意义、更加有目的性。我呼吁联合国所有成员国共同努力，以最快的时间来实现这一目标，我呼吁所有公民社会继续坚定地支持这一项关键又重要的权利获得早日认可。国际社会尽早地做到这一点，这个世界就会成为一个更加美好的居住地。
联合国宪章的序言表达了联合国人民“欲免后世再遭战祸”的决心。自1945年联合国创立以来，这已成为并将继续成为联合国的核心目标。为了将其推进，该宪章将促进人权作为其主要任务之一，并要求其会员国宣誓对人权的承诺。三年后，1948年12月10日，联合国大会通过了《世界人权宣言》，这证实了联合国及其会员国的承诺。这一重大宣言的序言重申了人权与和平之间的相互关系，并指出“对人类家庭所有成员的固有尊严及其平等和不移的权利的承认，乃是世界自由、正义与和平的基础”。序言进一步提醒我们，“对人权的无视和侮蔑已发展成为野蛮暴行，这些暴行玷污了人类的良心，而一个人人享有言论和信仰自由并免于恐惧和匮乏的世界的来临，已被宣布为人民普遍的最高愿望”。
Since then， we have celebrated the adoption of this historic document on 10 December each year， which is now known as the “Human Rights Day”. For nearly seventy years， the United Nations have actively produced numerous international human rights instruments including legally binding human rights treaties and created multiple forms of human rights mechanisms to promote and protect human rights. However， the reality is yet far from the full enjoyment of human rights by everybody everywhere in the equal manner. The ultimate goal of the international community to achieve “all human rights for all” is yet to be within our reach.
As the international community continued to devote much energy and efforts to human rights norm setting and creation of human rights mechanisms， importance of human rights education has increasingly been recognized engaging the attention of all. The Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action adopted at the World Conference on Human Rights in 1993 reaffirmed the recognition of its importance. That led to the adoption of the General Assembly Resolution 49/184 in 1994 which proclaimed the United Nations Decade for Human Rights Education from 1995 to 2005. There human rights education is defined as “training， dissemination and information efforts aimed at the building of a universal culture of human rights through the imparting of knowledge and skills and the molding of attitudes”. There is no doubt that the responsibility to promote and protect human rights rest on the states. However， it is imperative to begin the efforts toward realization of human rights at the individual level by empowering each individual as human rights holders and disseminating the set of values and attitudes to respect human rights of each other. All our efforts resulting in the adoption of specified and detailed human rights instruments will only be meaningful and worthwhile when human rights education will emerge as a basic but fundamental vehicle to create and sustain the society based on the culture of human rights. Human rights education enables more holistic approach than piece by piece approach focusing on specific human rights categories. Human rights education is promotional but more positive and preventive by strengthening capacities of individuals， communities and states in the area of human rights through daily activities and continuing efforts than responding to human rights violations. 从那时起，我们每年都庆祝通过这一历史性文件的12月10日，也就是现在众所周知的“人权日”。近七十年来，联合国积极地制定了大量的国际人权文书，包括签订具有法律约束力的人权条约和建立多种形式的人权机制，以促进和保护人权。然而，现实情况距离世界各地人人均能用平等的方式充分享受人权还相差甚远。国际社会实现“一切人权为人人”的最终目标还要待我们继续努力。
随着国际社会继续致力于制定人权规范和建立人权机制，人权教育的重要性已经越来越受关注。于1993年世界人权会议上通过的维也纳宣言和行动纲领重新承认了它的重要性，于是通过了联合国大会1994年第49/ 184号决议，宣布自1995年至2005年为联合国人权教育十年。人权教育被定义为“通过传授知识、技能和态度模范以建立普遍的人权文化所进行的培训、传播和信息交流的努力”。毫无疑问，促进和保护人权的责任要依靠各个国家。然而，当务之急是从个人层面开始努力实现人权，授予每一个人拥有人权者和传播互相尊重人权的价值观和态度是当务之急。我们所有努力的结果是这些通过了的明确详细的人权文件，只有当人权教育成为创造和维护基于人权文化的社会的一个基本但又是根本的途径时，这些文件才有意义和价值。人权教育注重于具体的人权类别更需要整体研究法而不是片面分析法。人权教育的宣传，不仅需要应对对人权的侵犯，更需要通过日常活动和持续努力来积极加强个人、社区和国家在人权领域的能力。
The annual observance of the Human Rights Day is an opportunity for us to recall our commitment to promote and protect human rights as indispensable condition for peace. The foundational assertion of this interrelatedness first proclaimed in the UN Charter and in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was reiterated and embedded in a stronger conceptual anchor when the UN General Assembly adopted the Programme of Action on Culture of Peace in 1999. This is a truly historic document， which takes a holistic and positive approach to sustainable peace and provides a framework for structuring the culture of peace through eight concrete and practical areas of actions.
Fully recognizing the intertwined relation between the culture of peace and human rights， the Programme of Action emphasized the importance of human rights and placed it high as the third area of actions among eight， preceded by education and sustainable development. In identifying specific actions in the area of human rights， the Culture of Peace Programme of Action listed first of all the full implementation of the Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action and highlighted some of the key elements such as development of national plans of action for the promotion and protection of all human rights， strengthening of national institutions and capacities in the field of human rights， including through national human rights institutions， realization and implementation of the right to development. Also listed are the realization of the goals of the United Nations Decade for Human Rights Education and dissemination and promotion of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights at all levels. Through human rights education， we learn about our rights but we also learn how to exercise our rights in a responsible manner. Human rights should not be exercised by negatively affecting the human rights of others like through propaganda of hate and violence as a freedom of expression. When we are able to exercise human rights without any cost and negative impact to others， it will create the appropriate environment for advancing the culture of peace in a big way. For building the culture of peace， it is essential for individuals to be able to form， express and exchange their opinions freely， as the culture of peace calls for promoting peaceful settlement of conflicts through dialogue， negotiation， consensus-building based on mutual respect for different thoughts and opinions. Right to education is indispensable for the culture of peace as education is the key for the individuals to gain and develop skills necessary for such dialogue， negotiation， consensus-building and peaceful resolution of differences. Protecting these human rights is also interlinked to other action areas in the Culture of Peace Programme of Action such as democratic participation as well as participatory communication and the free flow of information. Promoting economic and social rights such as right to an adequate standard of living including food， safe drinking water， clothing and housing and right to be free from hunger will contribute to bolstering the culture of peace by promoting sustainable economic and social development， which is the second in the listing of the action areas of the Programme.
每年纪念人权日都会让我们回想起我们的承诺，促进和保护作为和平不可或缺的条件——人权。这个相互关联的基本声明首次在联合国宪章中提出，在世界人权宣言中重申，并在1999年联合国大会通过的和平文化行动纲领中以一个更加强有力的概念被采纳。这是一个真正的历史性文件，需要一个全面和积极的方法来实现可持续的和平，并提供一个通过八大具体和实际领域行动来构建和平文化的框架。
行动纲领充分认识到了和平文化与人权之间的关系，强调了人权的重要性，并把人权作为八大领域行动中的第三个，仅次于教育和可持续发展。在确定人权领域的具体行动方面，和平文化行动纲领首先列出了维也纳宣言和行动纲领的所有落实方面，并强调了一些关键要素，如国家促进和保护所有人权行动计划的发展，在人权领域加强国家机构和能力，包括通过国家人权机构，实现和落实发展权。还列出了实现联合国十年人权教育的目标和从各个层面传播与推广世界人权宣言。通过人权教育，我们不仅了解了我们的权利，而且我们还知道了如何负责任地行使我们的权利。人权的行使不应该通过将仇恨和暴力作为一种表达自由的宣传方式而产生负面的影响，从而影响其他人的人权行使。当我们能够行使人权但不给他人带来任何代价和负面影响时，将为促进和平文化创造出适当的环境。
建设和平文化，对于个人来说，能够自由地形成、表达和交换意见，这是必不可少的，因为和平文化需要通过基于相互尊重不同的想法和意见的对话、协商、建立共识来促进解决冲突的和平方式。受教育的权利对于和平文化不可或缺，因为教育是个人对话、协商、建立共识、和平解决分歧所必须要获得和发展技能的关键。保护人权与和平文化行动纲领的其他行动领域也相互关联，例如民主参与，以及参与性交流和信息自由流动。促进经济和社会权利，如获得充分的生活水平的权利，包括食物、安全的饮用水、衣物、住房权和免于饥饿的权利，将通过促进经济社会可持续发展从而有助于促进和平文化，这是纲领的第二个行动领域。
In the area of human rights， I would like to focus specially on the rights of the child. Children are the starting point of any society， but challenges they face daily are overwhelming. Violence against children is being perpetrated everywhere. Bullying in schools and family violence are the most common forms of violence frequently experienced by children. Such violence negatively affects the development of a child for the rest of life. The Committee on the Rights of the Child set up under the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child analyzed that “A respectful， supportive child-rearing environment free from violence supports the realization of children’s individual personalities and fosters the development of social， responsible and actively contributing citizens in the local community and larger society”. It further says that research shows that children who have not experienced violence and who develop in a healthy manner are less likely to act violently， both in childhood and as adults. Preventing violence in one generation reduces its likelihood in the next. It is true as the Committee emphasizes， protection of the child from violence is “a key strategy for reducing and preventing all forms of violence in societies” and for promoting “freedom， justice and peace in the world”. It is critical for children whether they become used to violence in those places of their daily lives such as family and school or gain and develop own capacities and skills to interact with others， face the challenges of life and settle inter-personal conflicts in a peaceful， non-violent and non-aggressive manner. The UN proclaimed the period of 2001 to 2010 as the “International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World.” This commitment and activism seen during this period should not end with the specified timeframe and our responsibilities need to remain unchanged， if not advanced， beyond the Decade. In this connection， let me recall the importance of the role and equality of participation of women in creating， sustaining and reconstructing peace which was recognized in the Security Council Resolution 1325 adopted in 2000. If we are committed to make the world the safer place for the child with no violence， we need to ensure that mothers - including the future mothers - are empowered by their own equality and are able to encourage increasing participation and involvement of children as a responsible part of the family.
在人权领域，我尤其想要关注儿童的权利。儿童是社会的朝阳，但是他们每日却又面临巨大的挑战。儿童暴力四处上演。学校欺凌和家庭暴力是儿童最常接触到的两种暴力形式。这种暴力对儿童以后的人生发展会造成负面影响。《联合国儿童权利公约》指导下成立的儿童权利委员会指出：“远离暴力、尊敬、互助的儿童成长环境有助于实现儿童的个性发展，并有助于在全社区乃至全社会中培养有责任感、积极奉献的市民。委员会还进一步指出，调查显示没有经历暴力的儿童以及在健康环境下成长的儿童发生暴力行为的可能性更小，在儿童期或成年期都是如此。在一代人中预防暴力，下一代人发生暴力的可能性就会降低。正如委员会所强调的，保护儿童远离暴力是“全社会减少和预防各种形式的暴力的一项关键策略”，而且有助于实现“全世界的自由、正义与和平”。儿童是否会适应他们日常生活场所中的暴力，例如家庭和学校，或者他们是否能够获得并开发自己与他人交流的能力和技巧，以一种平和、非暴力并且非侵略性的方式面对生活中的挑战以及解决人际冲突，这对儿童是至关重要的。
联合国宣布2001年到2010年作为“世界儿童和平、非暴力文化国际十年”。这一时期见证的承诺和行动主义不应该局限于指定的时间内，我们的责任依然未变，或许这十年之后还会有更多责任。在这一点上，让我强调一下在建立、维持和重建和平的过程中妇女参与的作用和平等的重要性，这一点在2000年通过的安理会第1325号决议中已获得认可。如果我们致力于让这个世界成为一个远离暴力，对儿童更加安全的世界，我们就需要确保所有的母亲包括准母亲能够享受平等，能够帮助他们的孩子承担起更多的家庭责任，从而更多地参与和融入到家庭中来。
I believe next year will be an opportune time to highlight the role of children as important actors in promoting the culture of peace. The year 2014 marks the 25th anniversary of the adoption of the Convention on the Rights of the Child. Its Third Optional Protocol of this Convention gives children the international rights to send communications if there is a violation of the treaty. Availing of this timely opportunity， we should combine our efforts in the interrelated areas of children’s rights and the culture of peace and the key focus of our efforts should be on enhancing children’s participation.
It is very necessary and appropriate for us to get together to continue to review progress， identify challenges， bring new ideas， involve more people and reaffirm and renew our commitment to promote the culture of peace. The annual High Level Forum on The Culture of Peace convened by the President of the UN General Assembly is a wonderful opportunity for this purpose. As a matter of fact， it was inspiring for us to have listened to Ambassador Anwarul Chowdhury in the high level segment of the 2013 Forum’s opening session while recalling his determined and skillful leadership guiding the drafting process of the Declaration and Programme of Action in late Nineties towards its consensus adoption. He has been the inspirational symbol of the global movement for promoting the culture of peace. 我相信明年将会是一个合适的时机，来强调儿童作为重要角色以促进和平文化的传播。2014年是《儿童权利公约》通过的第25个年头。公约的第三版任选议定书赋予儿童国际性的权利，如果发现有违反条约的情况，儿童即可以发送信息。利用这种及时的信息途径，我们应该在儿童权利和和平文化的相关领域整合我们的工作，并且我们工作的重心应是在提高儿童的参与方面。
我们应当聚在一起审查进展、认清挑战、带来新思路，让更多的人参与进来，重申并再次承诺对和平文化的努力。联合国大会主席召集的一年一度的和平文化高层论坛恰好是实现此次机会的最佳契机。事实上，在2013年论坛开幕的高层会议阶段，我们听到安瓦鲁·K·乔德哈瑞大使的演讲非常振奋人心，再回想起大使指导九十年代后期宣言和行动纲领的起草时期，为了使其获得一致性通过，安瓦鲁·K·乔德哈瑞大使展现出了他坚决和娴熟的领导技巧。安瓦鲁·K·乔德哈瑞大使已经成为了推进全球和平文化运动的鼓舞人心的精神象征。
The core message of this article is the intrinsic relation between peace and human rights. In this regard， I would like to conclude this article by making a reference to the on-going work of the UN on the human right to peace. We have come a long way in transforming the peace and security as the business for states into the concern for each and every individual human being by promoting the concept of human security. But still it is not enough. Peace needs to be formally recognized as a human right. Can we accept that we are living in peace if our life， liberty or security of person is being constantly threatened？ Can we call it a peaceful society where people are suppressed to freely express their thoughts and choices under restrictive regimes？ If the human right to peace is formally recognized and codified by the UN as a self-standing right at both collective and individual levels， it will be a major step forward in advancing the culture of peace as called for by the United Nations. With the recognition of the human right to peace， the culture of peace becomes more meaningful and purposeful. I call upon the Member States of the United Nations to work hard to achieve this objective in the soonest possible timeframe and civil society to continue its determined support for the early recognition of this crucial， all-important right. The sooner the international community is able to do that； the world will be a better place to live.
本文的核心是说明和平与人权的固有联系。在这一点上，我想引用联合国对和平人权的现行工作来做本文的结尾。在将和平安全从国家事务转变为与每个人息息相关的事务中，我们做出了很多努力，宣传了人类安全的概念。但是，我们仍需努力。和平需要正式被认可为人权。如果我们的生命、自由或安全一直都受到威胁，我们怎么能接受我们是生活在和平之中呢？如果人们受到严酷制度的压制而不能自由表达自己的观点和选择，我们怎么能将这个社会称为和平社会呢？如果和平人权正式被联合国认可并作为一项独立的权利，并且对集体和个人都是如此，那么这在推进和平文化的历程中将是重要的一步，这也正是联合国所期望看到的。随着和平人权获得认可，和平文化就会更加有意义、更加有目的性。我呼吁联合国所有成员国共同努力，以最快的时间来实现这一目标，我呼吁所有公民社会继续坚定地支持这一项关键又重要的权利获得早日认可。国际社会尽早地做到这一点，这个世界就会成为一个更加美好的居住地。