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目的采用半定量风险评估优化模型评估家具制造企业职业健康风险水平,探讨其适用性。方法通过增加噪声、高温等物理因素,职业卫生管理制度和工程控制措施等因素,从危害等级和暴露等级方面对新加坡职业暴露半定量风险评估模型进行改良,并应用优化模型对家具制造企业进行职业健康风险评估。结果家具制造企业主要职业危害因素包括木粉尘、噪声、甲醛、苯、甲苯和二甲苯。木粉尘检测浓度为1.9~8.9 mg/m~3,合格率为50.0%;甲醛检测浓度为0.24~0.36 mg/m~3、苯检测浓度为0~0.6 mg/m~3、甲苯检测浓度为3.8~6.7 mg/m~3、二甲苯检测浓度为6.1~16.1 mg/m~3,合格率均为100.0%。噪声检测强度为80.8 d B(A),未超出其职业接触限值。甲醛、木粉尘、苯和噪声危害因素风险水平均为高风险,甲苯和二甲苯均为中等风险。新加坡模型(浓度法)评估的风险水平为低风险至高风险,新加坡模型(指数法)评估的风险水平为中等风险至极高风险,优化模型评估的风险水平为中等风险至高风险,介于两者之间。结论半定量优化模型适用于家具制造企业的职业健康风险评估,但在我国其他工业企业的适用性需进一步研究。
Objective To evaluate the occupational health risk of furniture manufacturing enterprises by semi-quantitative risk assessment optimization model and discuss its applicability. Methods By means of increasing the physical factors such as noise and temperature, occupational health management system and engineering control measures, the semi-quantitative risk assessment model of occupational exposure in Singapore was improved from hazard level and exposure level, and the optimization model was applied to furniture manufacturing enterprises Health risk assessment. Results The major occupational hazards of furniture manufacturers include wood dust, noise, formaldehyde, benzene, toluene and xylene. The detection limit of wood dust was 1.9 ~ 8.9 mg / m ~ 3, the pass rate was 50.0%, the detection limit of formaldehyde was 0.24 ~ 0.36 mg / m ~ 3, the detection limit of benzene was 0 ~ 0.6 mg / 3.8 ~ 6.7 mg / m ~ 3, the concentration of xylene was 6.1 ~ 16.1 mg / m ~ 3, the pass rate was 100.0%. The noise detection strength is 80.8 d B (A) and does not exceed its occupational exposure limits. Hazard levels of formaldehyde, wood dust, benzene and noise are all at high risk, and both toluene and xylene are at medium risk. The level of risk assessed by the Singapore model (concentration method) is low-risk to high-risk, the risk level assessed by the Singapore model (exponential method) is medium-risk to very high-risk, and the risk level evaluated by the optimization model is medium-risk- between. Conclusion Semi-quantitative optimization model is suitable for occupational health risk assessment in furniture manufacturing enterprises. However, the applicability of other semi-quantitative methods to industrial enterprises in China needs further study.