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为研究育肥饲料中混合植物油替代鱼油对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)成体雄蟹常规成分和脂肪酸组成的影响,采用豆油和菜籽油混合物替代鱼油制成5种不同鱼油替代水平(0%、25%、50%、75%和100%)的等氮等脂育肥饲料(分别记为1#~5#饲料组)饲喂雄蟹,测定5组雄蟹肝胰腺、肌肉和性腺中的常规成分和脂肪酸组成,并对实验数据进行方差分析。结果显示:(1)饲料1#组性腺灰分含量显著高于饲料4#和5#组(P<0.05),但各组性腺中的水分、总脂和蛋白含量均无显著差异(P>0.05);饲料1#组肝胰腺中的水分和灰分最高,但其总脂含量低于其他组,各组肝胰腺的蛋白含量无显著差异(P>0.05);除1#饲料组外,肌肉中的总脂和灰分含量随鱼油替代水平的升高而显著上升(P<0.05),而水分和蛋白含量均无显著差异(P>0.05)。(2)各饲料组精巢中总饱和脂肪酸(∑SFA)、总多不饱和脂肪酸(∑PUFA)和总高度不饱和脂肪酸(∑HUFA)含量无显著差异(P>0.05),其总n-6多不饱和脂肪酸(∑n-6PUFA)含量随鱼油替代水平升高而升高,而总n-3多不饱和脂肪酸(∑n-3PUFA)含量和∑n-3PUFA/∑n-6PUFA比值呈显著下降趋势(P<0.05)。(3)肝胰腺中∑n-3PUFA和∑HUFA含量具有显著的组间差异,且均以饲料3#组最高。但各组的∑PUFA和∑n-6PUFA含量差异并不显著(P>0.05)。(4)肌肉中大部分脂肪酸组成无显著差异,仅∑n-6PUFA含量随鱼油替代水平升高而升高。综上,中华绒螯蟹育肥饲料中植物油(豆油与菜籽油含量为1︰1)替代鱼油对成体雄蟹可食组织中水分和蛋白含量并无显著影响,但会对其脂肪酸组成造成显著的影响,50%的鱼油替代水平有利于雄蟹肝胰腺和肌肉中的脂肪沉积。
In order to study the effect of mixed vegetable oil instead of fish oil on fat composition and fatty acid composition of adult male Crab Eriocheir sinensis, a mixture of soybean oil and rapeseed oil was used instead of fish oil to make five different fish oil substitutes (0% 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%), and other fat diets containing 1% ~ 5% fat were fed to male crabs Composition and fatty acid composition, and the experimental data were analyzed by ANOVA. The results showed that: (1) The content of gonadal ash in feed 1 # group was significantly higher than that in feed 4 # and 5 # groups (P <0.05), but there was no significant difference in the content of total lipids and total lipids (P> 0.05). In the feed 1 # group, the content of moisture and ash in the hepatopancreas was the highest but the total lipid content was lower in the liver and pancreas than in the other groups (P> 0.05) (P <0.05), but there was no significant difference in water content and protein content (P> 0.05). (2) The content of total saturated fatty acids (ΣSFA), total polyunsaturated fatty acids (ΣPUFA) and total highly unsaturated fatty acids (ΣHUFA) in testis of each feed group had no significant difference (P> 0.05) The content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (Σn-6PUFA) increased with the replacement level of fish oil, but the content of total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Σn-3PUFA) and Σn-3PUFA / Σn-6PUFA Down trend (P <0.05). (3) The Σn-3PUFA and ΣHUFA contents in hepatopancreas had significant differences between groups, and were the highest in feed 3 # group. However, the differences of ΣPUFA and Σn-6PUFA in each group were not significant (P> 0.05). (4) There was no significant difference in the composition of most fatty acids in muscle, only the content of Σn-6PUFA increased with the increase of fish oil substitute level. In conclusion, the replacement of fish oil with vegetable oil (soybean oil and rapeseed oil content 1︰1) in fattening feed of Chinese mitten crab (Eriocheir sinensis) had no significant effect on the water and protein content in the edible tissues of adult male crabs, but caused significant changes in its fatty acid composition The 50% fish oil replacement level favors fat deposition in the hepatopancreas and muscle of male crabs.