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同位语从句是高中学生学英语的难点之一。首先谈谈同位语从句的定义,同位语从句是在复合句中用作同位语的从句。该从句是用来说明、解释或补充前面名词的具体内容。常见的可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有news,idea,fact,truth, order, story, problem, promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,advice,possibility等。而不可说明的名词是不会接同位语从句的。比如:man, water, sun等具体的人或事物。例如:
I’ve come from Mr Li with a message that he won’t be able to see you tomorrow。我从李先生那里来,他让我告诉你他明天不能来看你了。
There is no doubt that the prices of cars will go down。
一、由连接代词/副词引导的同位语从句
1、that, what, who, when, where, whether, why, how同位语从句
1)、The problem whether it is right or wrong has not yet been decided。
2)、The news that his father died made him sad。
注:where, when, why, how, who, what等在引导同位语从句时,一般只用于I have no idea结构中,其实,这种类型的同位语从句通常划入宾语从句的范畴,因为I have no idea意思就是I don't know。
如:I have no idea where I should go。
I have no idea how I can get to the railway station。
l have no idea who he is。
2、有时,同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。如
Word(消息) came that our Chinese women team had beaten Japanese。
几年以后,有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city。
他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
二、同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一,也是中学英语学习中的重点语法知识点之一。在使用同位语从句时,应注意以下五个方面
1、同位语从句在句中的位置
一般情况下,同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等)的后面,用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。例如:
1)I have no idea that you once lived here。
2)We express the hope that they would come and visit China again。
2、有时,同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。例如:
1)The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home。
2)The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations。
2、同位语从句前名词的数
同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式,并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。例如:
1)The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city。
2)Word came that the women’s volley volleyball team had won the championship。
3、同位语从句的语气
在suggestion,advice,request,order等意为“建议;命令;要求”的名词后,同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构,句中的should可以省略。例如:
Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer。
The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule(should)be adopted。
4、同位语从句的位置与定语从句的比较
1)、同位语从句与定语从句一样,都是用在名词后面。所不同的是:定语从句是修饰、限制它前面的名词,因此,它是属于形容词从句。而同位语从句属于名词性从句,它是用来说明它前面的名词内容的,或者说是解释前面名词的内容。
2)、同位语从句常用that作为开头(I have no idea除外),属于连词,在从句中不起成分作用,但不可省略。而定语从句是以关系代词、关系副词开头,它们在从句中起句子成分作用(作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语),作宾语时可以省略。
3)、只有在内容方面可以进一步阐明的名词(一般为抽象名词)才能带同位语从句,而几乎任何名词都可以带定语从句。比较:
(1)The suggestion (that) she has given at the meeting is good。
(2)The suggestion that she should stay in the room is good。
(1)句中that she has given at the meeting这个从句说明了是她提出的建议,不是别人的建议,也就是限定了the suggestion的范围,但并没有说明建议的内容。从结构上分析,that是give的宾语,所以这个从句是定语从句。
(2)句的that she should stay in the room这个从句说明了建议的内容,同时,that只起连词作用,在从句中既不是主语,也不是宾语,但不能省略,所以它是同位语从句。
5、同位语从句前常用的名词
同位语从句说明的名词常见的有:
ability, advice, answer,belief, doubt, discovery, fact, fear, hope, idea, information, message,news, order, possibility, problem, proposal, question, story, suggestion, theory, thought, word(消息)等。而不可说明的名词是不会接同位语从句的。比如:man, water, sun等具体的人或事物。例如:
There is no doubt that the prices of cars will go down。
The belief that the company will make a great is shared by everyone。
(作者单位:331600江西省吉水县吉水中学)
I’ve come from Mr Li with a message that he won’t be able to see you tomorrow。我从李先生那里来,他让我告诉你他明天不能来看你了。
There is no doubt that the prices of cars will go down。
一、由连接代词/副词引导的同位语从句
1、that, what, who, when, where, whether, why, how同位语从句
1)、The problem whether it is right or wrong has not yet been decided。
2)、The news that his father died made him sad。
注:where, when, why, how, who, what等在引导同位语从句时,一般只用于I have no idea结构中,其实,这种类型的同位语从句通常划入宾语从句的范畴,因为I have no idea意思就是I don't know。
如:I have no idea where I should go。
I have no idea how I can get to the railway station。
l have no idea who he is。
2、有时,同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。如
Word(消息) came that our Chinese women team had beaten Japanese。
几年以后,有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视察他们。
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city。
他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了。
二、同位语从句是名词性从句(主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句)中的主要从句之一,也是中学英语学习中的重点语法知识点之一。在使用同位语从句时,应注意以下五个方面
1、同位语从句在句中的位置
一般情况下,同位语从句跟在某些名词(如news,idea,fact,promise,hope,message等)的后面,用以说明该名词所表达的具体内容。例如:
1)I have no idea that you once lived here。
2)We express the hope that they would come and visit China again。
2、有时,同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后,而被别的词语隔开,在语法上叫做分隔式同位语从句。例如:
1)The thought came to her that maybe she had left the door open when she left home。
2)The story goes that he failed in the College Entrance Examinations。
2、同位语从句前名词的数
同位语从句前的名词通常用单数形式,并且往往带有限定词(word除外)加以修饰。例如:
1)The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city。
2)Word came that the women’s volley volleyball team had won the championship。
3、同位语从句的语气
在suggestion,advice,request,order等意为“建议;命令;要求”的名词后,同位语从句中的谓语动词通常用“should +动词原形”的虚拟语气结构,句中的should可以省略。例如:
Our teacher gave us some advice how we(should)use the computer。
The suggestion came from the chairman that the new rule(should)be adopted。
4、同位语从句的位置与定语从句的比较
1)、同位语从句与定语从句一样,都是用在名词后面。所不同的是:定语从句是修饰、限制它前面的名词,因此,它是属于形容词从句。而同位语从句属于名词性从句,它是用来说明它前面的名词内容的,或者说是解释前面名词的内容。
2)、同位语从句常用that作为开头(I have no idea除外),属于连词,在从句中不起成分作用,但不可省略。而定语从句是以关系代词、关系副词开头,它们在从句中起句子成分作用(作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语),作宾语时可以省略。
3)、只有在内容方面可以进一步阐明的名词(一般为抽象名词)才能带同位语从句,而几乎任何名词都可以带定语从句。比较:
(1)The suggestion (that) she has given at the meeting is good。
(2)The suggestion that she should stay in the room is good。
(1)句中that she has given at the meeting这个从句说明了是她提出的建议,不是别人的建议,也就是限定了the suggestion的范围,但并没有说明建议的内容。从结构上分析,that是give的宾语,所以这个从句是定语从句。
(2)句的that she should stay in the room这个从句说明了建议的内容,同时,that只起连词作用,在从句中既不是主语,也不是宾语,但不能省略,所以它是同位语从句。
5、同位语从句前常用的名词
同位语从句说明的名词常见的有:
ability, advice, answer,belief, doubt, discovery, fact, fear, hope, idea, information, message,news, order, possibility, problem, proposal, question, story, suggestion, theory, thought, word(消息)等。而不可说明的名词是不会接同位语从句的。比如:man, water, sun等具体的人或事物。例如:
There is no doubt that the prices of cars will go down。
The belief that the company will make a great is shared by everyone。
(作者单位:331600江西省吉水县吉水中学)