东风西渐:好莱坞的翻拍情结

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  乐在其中 译
  
  如果说,东方电影有个走进世界的梦想,那么这个世界,指的就是好莱坞。从上世纪60年代的李小龙到今天如日中天的章子怡,我们评价他们成功的标准,从来都带着浓重的好莱坞色彩。直到亚洲电影接二连三地有了好莱坞版本,直到《无间道》被翻拍成《无间道风云》,直到《无间道风云》获得了票房口碑双丰收,我们才肯定地对自己说:其实我们的电影也很好。
   ——Tiffany
  
  If there’s a trend to be found in recent cinema, it’s the decidedly Eastern persuasion of more than a few American movies. Oscar winner The Departed, The Lake House, The Grudge and The Ring were all based on Asian originals. And that’s just the beginning. Major studios are continuing to 1)snap up the rights to films from South Korea, Japan, and Hong Kong with the intention of remaking them with American actors. Hong Kong’s Confession of Pain, South Korea’s Old Boy and My Sassy Girl are all on the list of remakes.
  
  2)Mercifully, we aren’t likely to have to endure anything as 3)unsightly as, say, [1]Brad Pitt, [2]Renee Zellweger, and [3]Ben Affleck in an American remake of House of Flying Daggers, the current 4)art-house film by 5)acclaimed Chinese filmmaker Zhang Yimou. But high-wire 6)martial arts stories are about the only Asian films that aren’t 7)garnering major attention from Hollywood. Hollywood has its pool of favorites when choosing movies to remake, which at present is constrained to, basically, Japanese horror films, Korean romantic comedies and Hong Kong 8)cop thrillers.
  
  Japanese Horror Films
  Ringu vs. The Ring
  
  While Hollywood’s 9)burst of interest in Asian films might be new, for decades 10)savvy Western filmmakers have taken inspiration from their 11)counterparts in the East. John Sturges’s 1960 Western The Magnificent Seven was a remake of [4]Kurosawa’s 1954 classic Seven Samurai.
  
  In 1998, Ringu, a horror mystery, broke all box-office records in Japan and went on to achieve global recognition and appreciation. Chilling, modern yet based in tradition, 12)gore-free and totally psychological, the film left its viewers 13)cowering in fear in front of the screen.
  
  In 2001, 14)DreamWorks (USA) acquired the rights to Ringu as The Ring, and in 2002, a remake directed by [5]Gore Verbinski, starring Naomi Watts and Martin Henderson came into existence. All of the characters and situations were rewritten to make them more relevant to American 15)film-goers. It turned out OK, as compared to the original, featuring good acting performances, nice locations, and not too much 16)detraction from the story of Ringu.
  
  Inspired by the success of The Ring, Hollywood moved on to remake several Japanese horror films: The Grudge (2004), Dark Water (2005), and The Ring 2 (2005).
  
  Korean Romantic Comedies
  Il Mare vs. The Lake House
  
  Hollywood remakes of Asian horror-while not surpassing their originals-have so far all been successful genre films with some level of effectiveness. But it seems that Hollywood is no longer content to remain within the confines of the horror genre. The Lake House turns to romantic rather than horror material.
  
  A remake of the Korean film Il Mare, The Lake House marks both the reunion of [6]Keanu Reeves and [7]Sandra Bullock for the first time since Speed made both of them stars, and one of the few Asian remakes in recent memory that’s not of the horror variety.
  
  In The Lake House, Kate Forster (Sandra Bullock) and Alex Wyler (Keanu Reeves) occupy the same lake house, but two years apart. They are able to communicate via writing letters to each other and placing them in the postbox located in front of the lake house.
  
  The storyline of The Lake House stayed fairly faithful to the original film and it is clearly from the Asian 17)school of filmmaking-A lot less is explained, which makes way for more emotion, and a less 18)linear flow, hence the lack of explanation for the mailbox.
  
  Hong Kong Cop Thrillers
  Infernal Affairs vs. The Departed
  
  A Boston-based crime thriller, directed by [8]Matin Scorsese, and 19)boasting an 20)A-list cast including , [9]Leonardo DiCaprio, [10]Matt Damon, and [11]Jack Nicholson, The Departed was every reason to be successful. Despite all the 21)buzz, what many people won’t know is that it’s a remake of the tense, stylish Hong Kong drama Infernal Affairs.
  
  Infernal Affairs is a story of an 22)undercover cop planted among the 23)Triads and a Triad 24)mole in the police force, who become aware of each other’s existence. They are forced to seek each other out before they themselves are discovered. In The Departed, Leonardo Dicaprio takes Tony Leung’s character as an undercover cop, while Matt Damon takes Andy Lau’s role of a mole.
  
  The Departed is a perfect example of why remakes shouldn’t be 25)dismissed out of hand. The original film was 26)gritty and entertaining; the new version is a 27)masterpiece, winning four Oscars at the 79th Annual Academy Awards, including two key awards—Best Picture and Best Director.
  
  The Departed’s Oscar triumph will lead to more Hollywood interest in Asian films, though not on Asian terms. The bottom line is money. It is much cheaper for a Hollywood studio to buy the rights to an already successful Asian movie and remake it, than to develop their own 28)script. Foreign films and Asian cinema especially, have their audience in the West, but if you want to garner mass appeal, it’s going to require familiar faces and storylines that Westerners can relate to.
  
  如果说最近在电影院里有什么新走向的话,那就是在为数不少的美国电影中断然出现的东方影响。奥斯卡获奖影片《无间道风云》、《湖边小屋》、《咒怨》和《午夜凶铃》都改编自亚洲电影。而这一切仅仅是开始。美国主要的电影制作公司还在继续从韩国、日本、香港抢购电影改编权,准备使用美国演员翻拍这些电影,其中包括香港的《伤城》、韩国的《老男孩》和《我的野蛮女友》。
  
  值得庆幸的是,我们不太可能在银幕上看到布拉德·皮特、芮妮·齐薇格和本·艾弗莱克在美国人翻拍的《十面埋伏》(中国著名导演张艺谋拍的艺术影片)中出现,那会是让人难以接受的一幕。这类惊险刺激的武打片向来都不是好莱坞心仪的对象。在翻拍亚洲影片方面,好莱坞有自己的口味。就目前来说,它基本局限于日本的恐怖片、韩国的浪漫喜剧片和香港的警匪片。
  
  翻拍对象一:日本恐怖片
  代表:《午夜凶铃》 vs. 《午夜凶铃》(美国版)
  


  
  尽管好莱坞对亚洲影片兴趣大发是最近的事,但头脑敏锐的西方电影人从东方的电影中汲取灵感已有几十年历史。约翰·斯特奇斯在1960年拍摄的《七侠荡寇志》正是日本电影大师黑泽明1954年制作的影片《七武士》的翻拍版。
  
  1998年,恐怖悬疑片《午夜凶铃》打破了日本的所有票房纪录,并获得全球的赞许。这部影片让人毛骨悚然,它既体现了现代风格,同时又基于传统;它并没有血腥场面,而是完全利用心理来制造恐怖效果,使观众在座位上不敢动弹、瑟瑟发抖。
  
  2001年,美国梦工厂购买了《午夜凶铃》的改编权;2002年,由戈尔·维宾斯基导演执导,娜奥米·沃茨和马丁·亨德森主演的美国版《午夜凶铃》完成制作。影片中的角色和场景经过改编,更迎合美国电影观众的口味。与原片相比,这次翻拍尚算成功:演员表现出色、场景设置贴切、对于原版情节的改动也不大。
  
  《午夜凶铃》的成功引发了好莱坞的翻拍热潮。它连续翻拍了好几部日本恐怖片,如2004年的《咒怨》、2005年的《鬼水怪谈》和2005年的《午夜凶铃II》。
  
  翻拍对象二:韩国浪漫喜剧片
  代表:《触不到的恋人》 vs. 《湖边小屋》
  
  美国好莱坞翻拍的亚洲恐怖片虽然未能超过原版影片,但至今对这类型电影的翻拍在一定程度上是成功的。不过,好莱坞似乎不再满足于翻拍恐怖片。《湖边小屋》便远离恐怖,转向浪漫题材。
  
  作为韩国影片《触不到的恋人》的翻拍版本,《湖边小屋》是基努·里维斯和桑德拉·布洛克继成名作《生死时速》后在银幕上的首次重逢。此外,它也是近年来好莱坞翻拍的亚洲电影中不属于恐怖片范畴的少数影片之一。
  


  
  在影片《湖边小屋》中,凯特·福斯特(桑德拉·布洛克饰)和亚历克斯·韦勒(基努·里维斯饰)住在同一间湖边小屋里,但时间相隔两年。他们通过给对方写信,并把信件放入湖边小屋前的信箱来进行交流。
  
  《湖边小屋》的故事主线基本上忠实于原版影片,而且明显带有亚洲电影流派的痕迹:没有过多解释性的东西,从而有更多情感空间;叙事的线索感相对较弱,因此,那个信箱的来龙去脉也没有交代。
  
  翻拍对象三:香港警匪片
  代表:《无间道》 vs. 《无间道风云》
  
  《无间道风云》是一部由马丁·西科塞斯执导,云集了莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥、马特·达蒙和杰克·尼科尔森等大批一线明星,故事背景设在波士顿的犯罪惊险片,这样的阵容没有理由不成功。尽管坊间议论甚多,但是很多人并不知道这部电影的原版正是那部紧张刺激且广受好评的香港影片《无间道》。
  
  《无间道》讲述的是一名在黑帮(三合会)内做卧底的警察与一名潜藏在警局里的黑帮卧底的故事。在影片中,他们都互相知道对方的存在,并且必须抢在对方发现自己之前找到对方。在《无间道风云》中,莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥扮演梁朝伟的角色—— 一名卧底警察,而马特·达蒙则扮演刘德华的角色——黑帮卧底。
  
  《无间道风云》正是翻拍片不应被草率否定的极好的例子。原版《无间道》风格硬派,娱乐性强。而翻拍的《无间道风云》也不失为一部杰作。它在第79届奥斯卡颁奖典礼上获得了四座小金人,其中包括两个重量级奖项:最佳影片和最佳导演。
  
  《无间道风云》在奥斯卡上的成功让好莱坞对亚洲电影兴趣大增——虽然并不出自于对影片本身的欣赏。关键还是钱。对于好莱坞电影制作公司来说,购买业已成功的亚洲影片的改编权进行翻拍,比自己创作剧本要便宜得多。外国影片,特别是亚洲影片在西方是有观众的。不过,如果想要吸引更多的观众,翻拍片就必须动用西方观众熟悉的演员来拍摄能让他们产生共鸣的故事。
  


  
  小资料
  [1]Brad Pitt: 布拉德·皮特,好莱坞最具票房号召力的性感偶像之一。代表作品包括《燃情岁月》、《七宗罪》和《通天塔》等。
  
  [2]Renee Zellweger: 芮妮·齐薇格, 2000年凭借《护士贝蒂》获得金球奖最佳女主角; 2004年凭《冷山》获第77届奥斯卡最佳女配角奖。此外,《BJ单身日记》系列也为她赢得喝彩无数。
  
  [3]Ben Affleck: 本·艾弗莱克,1997年与童年挚友马特·达蒙一同编写的《心灵捕手》,获得当年奥斯卡及金球奖的两项最佳原著剧本殊荣。他最为人知的作品是2001年的爱情战争大片《珍珠港》。
  
  [4]Kurosawa: 黑泽明,日本近代史上最负盛名的电影大师,被称为“电影天皇”。他是第一个打破欧美垄断影坛的亚洲电影人,引导了上个世纪五六十年代的国际电影艺术潮流。代表作品包括《七武士》、《乱》、《罗生门》等。
  
  [5]Gore Verbinski: 戈尔·维宾斯基,好莱坞著名的商业片导演。曾执导过美国版《午夜凶铃》和经典电影系列《加勒比海盗》等。
  
  [6]Keanu Reeves: 基努·里维斯,1994年凭《生死时速》一举成名; 1999年的《黑客帝国》令他的事业更上层楼。此后《黑客帝国》续集推出,狂扫全球票房,风光无限。
  
  [7]Sandra Bullock: 桑德拉·布洛克,《生死时速》女主角。此后上映的浪漫喜剧《再见钟情》和惊悚片《网络惊魂》的成功更加巩固了她顶尖女星的地位。
  
  [8]Matin Scorsese: 马丁·西科塞斯,好莱坞传奇大师。他的每部作品都可被视作电影的教科书。在五次提名奥斯卡最佳导演不果后,《无间道风云》最终为他赢得了一座小金人。
  
  [9]Leonardo DiCaprio: 莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥,1997年《泰坦尼克号》席卷全球,他也成为全球影迷心目中的偶像明星。2002年他开始与传奇大导演马丁·西科塞斯合作,《纽约黑帮》、《飞行者》和《无间道风云》都堪称名作。
  
  [10]Matt Damon: 马特·达蒙,1997年和好友本·艾弗莱克共同编写及主演的《心灵捕手》大获成功,他一跃成为好莱坞的金牌明星。他随后又参演了《拯救大兵瑞恩》、《天才瑞普利》和《无间道风云》等叫好又叫座的影片。
  
  [11]Jack Nicholson: 杰克·尼科尔森,美国影坛上最富个性的演员。他是奥斯卡奖历史上获提名最多的男演员,共计12次,堪称“奥斯卡之王”。代表作品包括《飞越疯人院》、《尽善尽美》等。
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