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目的了解医务人员血源性病原体职业接触基本情况,探讨防护对策,减少职业伤害。方法 2011~2014年连续跟踪随访并收集记录大石桥市某医院医务人员发生血源性职业接触相关资料进行描述性分析。结果 2011年1月至2014年12月,大石桥市某医院医务人员共发生血源性病原体职业接触86人次,其中医生21人次,护士53人次(包括实习护士1人次),护工4人次,检验人员2人次,医疗废物回收人员6人次。职业接接触型为:锐器伤74人次;皮肤、黏膜接触源患者的血液体液12人次。职业接触常见病原体有:乙肝病毒30人次;丙肝病毒HCV26人次;梅毒20人次;艾滋病病毒HIV5人次;患者源情况不详10人次。职业接触发生场所包括:病房53人次、手术室17人次、处置室8人次,实验室2人次、废物处理处6人次。结论医疗机构加强培训,增强医务人员职业防护意识,发生职业暴露后及时正确处理,可有效降低暴露后被感染的危险。
Objective To understand the basic situation of occupational exposure of blood-borne pathogens among medical staffs, to explore protective measures to reduce occupational injuries. Methods From 2011 to 2014, follow-up and collection were conducted to record descriptive analysis of blood-related occupational exposure among medical staff in a hospital in Dashiqiao City. Results From January 2011 to December 2014, a total of 86 occupational exposure to blood-borne pathogens were reported to medical staff at a hospital in Dashiqiao City, including 21 doctors, 53 nurses (including 1 intern nurse), 4 nursing staffs, and testing 2 staff, 6 medical waste recycling staff. Occupation access contact type: sharp injury 74 people; skin, mucous membrane contact with the source of the patient’s body fluid 12 people. Occupational exposure to common pathogens are: hepatitis B virus 30; hepatitis C virus HCV26; 20 syphilis; HIV HIV5; patient source unknown 10 people. Occurrence of occupational exposure include: 53 wards, 17 operating rooms, 8 treatment rooms, 2 laboratories, 6 waste treatment facilities. Conclusion Medical institutions should step up their training and enhance the awareness of occupational protection among medical staffs. Proper handling should be done in time after occupational exposure, which can effectively reduce the risk of exposure after exposure.