太阳光栅光谱仪是研究太阳大气分层结构特性的重要仪器,其性能受到大气扰动及系统装配误差等引入的波前像差的限制,需要采用自适应光学进行校正。由于光栅光谱仪中的狭缝对波前像差的滤波作用,使得传统自适应光学无法直接用于光栅光谱仪中。研究了狭缝对自适应光学技术波前校正能力的影响,提出了一种基于狭缝滤波灵敏度的差别校正方法并进行了数值模拟仿真分析。数值仿真结果表明:自适应光学校正后,由像差引起的光谱分辨率衰减量总体上优于1%,从而说明了该校正方法能有效地抑制大气扰动和系统静态像差所引起的光谱展宽,从而提高了光谱分辨率。自适应光学校正后能够有效地提高能量利用率η,当狭缝宽度为3倍艾里斑直径时,η由校正前的约20%提高到了90%以上。 Sun-grating spectrometer is an important instrument for studying the layered structure of the solar atmosphere. Its performance is limited by the wavefront aberration introduced by atmospheric disturbances and system assembly errors. It needs to be corrected by adaptive optics. Due to the filtering effect of the slit in the grating spectrometer on the wavefront aberration, the traditional adaptive optics can not be directly used in the grating spectrometer. The influence of the slit on the wavefront correction ability of adaptive optics was studied. A method of differential correction based on the sensitivity of the slit filter was proposed and the numerical simulation was carried out. The numerical simulation results show that the spectral resolution attenuation caused by aberration is better than 1% after adaptive optical correction, which shows that the correction method can effectively suppress the spectral broadening caused by atmospheric disturbance and system static aberration , Thereby increasing the spectral resolution. Adaptive optical correction can effectively improve the energy utilization η, when the slit width is 3 times the Airy spot diameter, η from about 20% before correction increased to more than 90%.