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聚合反应可分为加聚反应和缩聚反应两大类型.前者是不饱和化合物里的碳碳双键或叁键中的一个较易断裂的键在一定条件下发生断裂而彼此连接成高分子化合物的反应;后者则多为含有二个官能团的单体相互缩合脱去小分子(通常为水、氨、氯化氢等)而形成高分子化合物的反应.下面分别加以讨论:一、加聚反应:加聚反应通常可分为只含有一个碳碳双键的单烯烃及其衍生物的加聚反应和含有两个碳碳双键且中间只隔着一个单键的共轭二烯烃的加聚反应.前者在书写加聚反应方程式时其加聚产物只需将双键碳原子写在结构单元的中间,其它与双键相连的原子或原子团无论结构如何复杂均须写在它的上方或下方.如用2-甲基-丙烯酸甲酯合成聚2-甲基-丙烯酸甲酯(有机玻漓)的反应方程式为:
The polymerization reaction can be divided into two major types: polyaddition reaction and polycondensation reaction. The former is a carbon-carbon double bond in an unsaturated compound or a relatively easily-cleaved bond in a fluorene bond breaks under certain conditions to form a macromolecular compound. The latter reaction is mostly a reaction in which monomers containing two functional groups are condensed to remove small molecules (usually water, ammonia, hydrogen chloride, etc.) to form macromolecular compounds. The following are discussed separately: I. Addition polymerization reaction: The polyaddition reaction can be generally divided into polyaddition reactions of monoolefins and their derivatives containing only one carbon-carbon double bond and polyaddition reactions of conjugated diolefins containing two carbon-carbon double bonds with only one single bond in between. In the former, when the polyaddition equation is written, the polyaddition product only needs to write the carbon atom of the double bond in the middle of the structural unit, and other atoms or atom groups connected to the double bond must be written above or below the structure irrespective of the structure. For example, the reaction equation for synthesizing poly-2-methyl-methyl acrylate (organic glassy terbium) with 2-methyl-methyl acrylate is: