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生物课本中著名的实验,是历史上生物学定律和理论建立的依据,是科学家创造性思维活动的范例.在教学中,讲清这些实验的来龙去脉,对学生实验能力的培养和对学生科学素养及思维能力的培养和发展,有重要的作用.我们在教学中,除了在力所能及的范围内,做好有关实验外,还注意从以下几方面努力挖掘和发挥它的教育功能.一、引导学生注重科学家在实验选材、实验设计上的精巧思路和方法在高中生物第五章遗传和变异中,关于这方面的实验内容尤为突出.如讲授孟德尔的遗传规律时,要从科学史的角度介绍孟德尔的实验工作,引导学生注意到:(1)孟德尔在实验中已认识到“任何实验的价值和效用是由做实验的材料是否适于达到目的来决定的”,他为什么要选择豌豆作为实验材料?豌豆的特性对实
The well-known experiments in biology textbooks are the basis for establishing the laws and theories of biology in history, and are examples of scientists’ creative thinking activities. In teaching, they explain the ins and outs of these experiments, the cultivation of students’ experimental abilities and the scientific literacy of students. The cultivation and development of thinking ability has an important role. In addition to doing well in related experiments, we also pay attention to digging and exerting its educational functions from the following aspects: First, guide students to focus on The ingenious ideas and methods of scientists in experimental material selection and experimental design are particularly prominent in the genetics and mutations in the fifth chapter of high school biology. The experimental content in this area is particularly prominent. For example, when teaching Mendel’s genetic law, we must introduce Meng from the perspective of the history of science. Del’s experimental work guides students to notice that: (1) Mendel’s experiment has realized that “the value and utility of any experiment is determined by whether the materials used for the experiment are suitable for the purpose.” Why should he choose peas? Experimental material? Characteristics of peas