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泪膜是由泪液形成的覆盖于角膜和结膜表面的薄层膜,由脂质层、水液层、粘液层组成,具有湿润并保护角膜和结膜、抑制微生物生长、提供角膜营养物质等作用.泪膜还可覆盖角膜表面,使之成为一个光滑的光学界面.干眼症又称干燥性角结膜炎,是由多种原因引起的泪膜质异常或量不足,造成结膜、角膜得不到正常湿润而出现的一系列眼部表现.导致干眼症的常见原因除了泪腺、眼睑、结膜和角膜上皮病变外,还有年龄、环境、全身性疾病(特别是自身免疫性疾病)等.患者可出现眼部异物感、干燥感、烧灼感等,结膜囊内有粘液丝状分泌物.检查可见结膜充血、乳头增生、点状角膜炎等等.另外,泪液分泌试验显示泪液分泌减少,孟加拉红染色或荧光素染色可显示出失去活性的结膜和角膜上皮细胞受损区,泪膜破裂时间缩短,有些还可合并全身性皮肤、粘膜等病变,如sjogren综合征、Stevens-Johnson综合征、天疱疮、红斑狼疮等.
The tear film is a lamellar film formed by lacrimal fluid covering the surface of the cornea and conjunctiva. It is composed of a lipid layer, a water layer and a mucous layer, which has the functions of moisturizing and protecting the cornea and the conjunctiva, inhibiting the growth of microorganisms and providing corneal nutriments. Tear film can also cover the corneal surface, making it a smooth optical interface.Dry eye syndrome, also known as dry keratoconjunctivitis, is caused by a variety of causes of abnormal or insufficient tear film quality, resulting in conjunctival and corneal inaccessibility A series of ocular manifestations of normal wetness. Common causes of dry eye In addition to lacrimal gland, eyelid, conjunctival and corneal epithelial lesions, there are age, environment, systemic diseases (especially autoimmune diseases), etc. Patients There may be eye foreign body sensation, dryness, burning sensation, conjunctival sac, viscous filamentous secretions.Examination can be seen conjunctival hyperemia, papillary hyperplasia, punctate keratitis, etc. In addition, tear secretion test showed decreased tear secretion, Bangladesh Red staining or fluorescein staining can show loss of active conjunctival and corneal epithelial damaged areas, tear film rupture time shortened, and some may also be combined with systemic skin, mucosal and other lesions, such as sj ogren syndrome, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, pemphigus, lupus and so on.