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连结英国和法国的海峡隧道于1990年10月30日开通,建造期间曾用电光探测器测定两隧道开凿面的相对位置。该探测器称为Reflex Maxibor,原是英国查德克顾问公司为瑞士里弗莱克斯仪器公司制作的。该探测器是一种钻孔勘探仪,用于测量海峡隧道中心部位100m白垩土内钻孔的精确路线,由此再确定英国和法国两侧隧道凿面的相对位置。凿面之间的偏差由探测器记录,以及时初步调整隧道掘进机,保证最后互相完全对准凿穿。其法是在隧道两掘进机同100m白垩土中凿穿一个水平的小孔,精确记录其路线。首先在英国一侧小孔的起点处记录读数,然后继续通到法国一侧的末端,这样即可测出对准的偏差。 Maxibor探测器的基本原理与地面勘探仪相同,用光学法测量角度和距离,结构如下图所示。在Maxibor
The Channel Tunnel linking Britain and France was opened on October 30, 1990, and the relative position of the two tunneling surfaces was measured by the electro-optical detector during the construction period. The detector, called the Reflex Maxibor, was originally manufactured by the Swiss Chardwick consultant for Riflex Instruments in Switzerland. The probe is a borehole surveyor that is used to measure the exact course of a borehole in 100m of chalk tunnels in the center of the Channel Tunnel to determine the relative location of the tunnel chisel surfaces on both sides of the UK and France. The chisel surface between the deviation recorded by the detector, and the initial adjustment of the tunnel boring machine, and ensure the final alignment with each other thoroughly piercing. The method is to cut through a horizontal hole in the tunnel boring machine with 100m chalk, accurately record the route. First, read the readings at the beginning of the hole in the British side, and then continue to the end of the French side, so you can measure the alignment deviation. The basic principle of the Maxibor detector is the same as that of the ground exploration instrument, and the angle and distance are measured by the optical method. The structure is shown in the figure below. In Maxibor