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近十年来,由于Ⅰ型人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus type1,HIV-1)感染率在全球范围内不断上升,许多机会感染的发生率也随之而上升。其中最多见的就是HIV和结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterial tuberculosis,MTB)的联合感染。近年来的研究表明,这种联合感染并不是单纯的两种病症的叠加,而是一个相互促进的过程,这样使得HIV感染者和结核病患者的死亡率大大升高。本文从分子机制上综述了近年来对于HIV和MTB两种病原体相互促进的机制的研究进展,以及对HIV感染者进行MTB检测的最新技术。
In the past decade, the incidence of many opportunistic infections has also risen due to the worldwide increase in the rate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection. The most common of these is the co-infection of HIV and Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB). In recent years, studies have shown that this combination of infections is not a mere combination of the two diseases, but a mutually reinforcing process that greatly increases the mortality rate of people living with HIV and tuberculosis. In this paper, we reviewed the recent advances in molecular mechanisms for the mechanisms that promote the mutual promotion of both HIV and MTB pathogens, and the latest techniques for MTB detection of HIV-infected individuals.