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联想启动效应,又称作对新异联系的启动效应,是指对新近形成的联系的内隐记忆。目前关于联想启动效应的研究争论颇多。研究中采用认知实验、脑成像技术和多种神经心理学测验方法相结合的认知神经科学途径,对联想启动的认知机制和脑机制进行了探讨。测定联想启动的方法包括过程分离、知觉辨认和快速命名等。对正常大学生的研究结果表明,加工水平和联结共同作用影响联想启动,这与知觉表征系统所支持的项目启动等其他内隐记忆有所不同。当项目间的联系足够强时,被试可以在浅加工条件下形成联想启动。这提示,知觉表征系统单独并不能支持联想启动,还需要其他记忆系统的参与。采用近红外光学成像的研究显示,左右前额叶均参与非相关词对的语义编码过程,与新异联系的形成密切相关。对内侧颞叶和额叶损伤病人的知觉辨认和快速命名测查发现,这两个脑区均参与了联想启动。其中,内侧颞叶参与了联想启动所必需的联结过程,额叶则与语义加工、抑制无关信息和选择性注意等有关。另外,正常被试形成联想启动需要意识到学习和测验的关系,重度记忆障碍的被试不能形成联想启动,提示联想启动需要有意识回忆的参与。总之,研究表明,联想启动需要知觉表征系统和其他记忆系统的共同作用,内侧颞叶和额叶均在联想启动中起重要作用,但?
Lenovo startup effect, also known as the starting effect on the new connections, refers to the implicit memory of the newly formed contact. At present, there are many controversies about the startup effect of Lenovo. Cognitive neuroscience approaches combining cognitive testing, brain imaging and various neuropsychological tests were used in this study to explore the cognitive mechanisms and brain mechanisms of association initiation. Determination of Lenovo startup methods include process separation, perception and rapid identification of such. The findings for normal college students show that the level of processing and the combined effect of associations influence the initiation of associations, which is different from other implicit memories such as the initiation of projects supported by perceptual representation systems. When the links between the projects are strong enough, the participants can form a Lenovo startup under the shallow processing conditions. This suggests that perceptual characterization systems alone can not support the initiation of the association and require the involvement of other memory systems. Studies using near-infrared optical imaging show that both the left and right prefrontal lobes are involved in the semantic coding of uncorrelated word pairs, which is closely related to the formation of the new alien relationship. Perceptual identification and rapid naming of patients with medial temporal lobe and frontal lobe injury found that both brain regions were involved in initiating the association. Among them, the medial temporal lobe involved in the association process necessary for the initiation of the association, the frontal lobe and semantic processing, inhibition of irrelevant information and selective attention and so on. In addition, the formation of the normal test Lenovo start learning need to be aware of the relationship between learning and testing, subjects with severe memory impairment can not form a Lenovo start, suggesting that Lenovo needs conscious memory to start the involvement. In conclusion, studies show that association initiation requires the synergistic effect of the perceptual characterization system and other memory systems. Both the medial temporal lobe and the frontal lobe play an important role in association initiation.