国土狭小、资源匮乏的日本,为何在战后短短的几十年内,能发展成为一个举世瞩目的经济大国?其中一个重要原因,是日本成功地制定并执行了一条符合本国国情的独特的科技路线,即“借他国之技术和重应用之研究”的科技路线。这已成为国际上所公认的事实。但是随着国际形势的发展,日本的科技政策近年来又出现了新的变化,即从以往重视应用性研究开始转向重视基础性研究。究其原因,主要有以下三点:一是依赖国外技术成果遇到阻力。战后50年来,日本发展科学技术一向重视应用开发研究而不太重视基础研究。日本政府长期来主要为确立民用电子和计算机等行业的主导地位而进行的产品开发和加工提供经费,而在基础研究和基本技术方面,日本则依赖其它国家所取得的科研成果。但从80年代末期开始,美国等欧美国家不断要求日本停止无偿利用西方国家的科研成果,并反复批评 Japan, with its small territory and scarce resources, can develop into a world-renowned economic power within a short span of decades after the war. One of the important reasons for this is Japan's successful formulation and implementation of a unique science and technology that suits its own national conditions The line, that is, “borrowing the country's technology and re-applied research” technology route. This has become an internationally recognized fact. However, with the development of the international situation, Japan's science and technology policy has undergone a new change in recent years, starting from the emphasis on applied research in the past and focusing on basic research. The reason, mainly in the following three points: First, rely on foreign technological achievements encounter resistance. Over the past 50 years after the war, Japan's development of science and technology has always attached great importance to applied research and development rather than to basic research. The Japanese government has long funded primarily the development and processing of products for the dominance of industries such as consumer electronics and computers, while Japan relies on the scientific achievements of other countries for basic research and basic technologies. However, starting from the late 1980s, Europe and the United States, including the United States, continually demanded that Japan stop using the scientific achievements of western countries for no compensation and repeatedly criticized