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地面交通工具的动力特性──装备机车动力装置，选择动力装备程度和经济的运行工况──在很大程度上取决于线路断面，线路断面决定了列车周期性地上坡和下坡。保持有山路隘口缩减了铁路线路的长度和建筑工作量，但是延缓了运输，引起对闯坡的附加能量消耗，尽管能量在接着下坡时可以回收。在山路隘口上，断面分力改变着自己的符号，并由对运行的附加阻力转变为加速列车的力。断面阻力所具有的影响，是内燃机车运行工况具有急剧变化的特点和牵引负载调节范围广阔的原因。
The dynamic characteristics of ground vehicles - the locomotive power equipment, the selection of power equipment, and economical operating conditions - depend to a large extent on the line section, which determines the cyclical uphill and downhill trains. Maintaining mountain passes reduced the length of the railway lines and the amount of construction work, but delayed transportation, causing additional energy expenditure on the break-in slope despite the energy that could be recovered on the subsequent downhill. At the mountain pass, the component of the section changes its own sign and is transformed by the additional resistance to operation into an acceleration of the train. Section resistance has the impact of the diesel locomotive operating conditions have drastic changes in the characteristics and traction load adjustment range of reasons.