从柴油机振动入手，逐步深入地分析了气缸套穴蚀的产生机理，指出穴蚀的主要原因是活塞敲击缸套从而使缸套产生振动，进一步使水套中冷却水产生穴蚀气泡。从降低激振力和改进缸套、气缸体结构两方面入手，介绍了穴蚀防止措施。分析过程中使用了有限元技术。 Beginning with the vibration of diesel engine, the generation mechanism of cavitation of cylinder liner is analyzed step by step. It is pointed out that the main cause of cavitation is that the piston knocks on the liner to make the liner vibrate, which further causes cavitation bubbles in the cooling water in the jacket. Starting from reducing the exciting force and improving the cylinder liner and cylinder block structure, we introduced the cavitation prevention measures. The finite element technique was used in the analysis.