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在实际中,学生们已经有了各种物体运动速度的某些概念.在学习力学时,可应用速度计——测量速度的仪器——来观察速度.然而物体变速运动加速度的计算就比较复杂了.因为通常它是由急烈变到平稳,由急暴变到静止的. 我们可以制造一种简单的、能够直接测量汽车、无轨电车、火车等在起动和停止时,或者在途中没转弯时的加速度的仪器,此仪器的准确性和灵敏度并不是十分高的,然而对实际中所碰到的加速度形成概念已足够了.这种简单的仪器,可以介绍给学生自己制造和用来测量加速度. 仪器的构造是这样的:在玻璃管(见附图)里二根弹簧之间有一个小钢球.将这一支管子安装在和加速度平行的方向.加速度的大小由钢球从平衡位移的
In practice, students already have some concepts for the speed of movement of various objects. When studying mechanics, a speedometer, an instrument for measuring speed, can be used to observe speed. However, the calculation of acceleration of an object’s variable speed is more complicated. Because it usually changes from violent to stable, from violent to static. We can create a simple, direct measurement of cars, trolley buses, trains, etc. when starting and stopping, or not turning on the way. The acceleration of the instrument, the accuracy and sensitivity of this instrument is not very high, but it is sufficient to actually meet the concept of the formation of the acceleration. This simple instrument can be introduced to the students to make and measure Acceleration. The construction of the instrument is such that in the glass tube (see drawing) there is a small steel ball between the two springs. This tube is mounted in a direction parallel to the acceleration. The magnitude of the acceleration is balanced by the steel ball. Displaced