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目的了解中国西南部高频用煤地区酸雨城市室内环境危险因素对肺功能的影响。方法于2011年11月—2012年3月采用简单随机抽样方法对贵州省遵义市城区215名成年人进行问卷调查,并检测用力肺活量(FVC)、1 s用力呼气量(FEV1)及FEV1/FVC;此外,检测室内、外PM_(2.5)浓度。结果冬季暴露于燃煤、烹饪油烟、吸烟等危险因素与肺功能(FVC、FEV1)呈负相关。厨房与客厅或卧室隔开者FVC、FEV1、FEV1/FVC值(3.5、3.4、93.4)高于未隔开者(3.4、3.2、93.9),室内无老鼠和蟑螂者(3.5、3.4、93.2)高于暴露者(3.0、2.8、92.1),未吸烟者(3.6、3.5、93.4)高于吸烟者(3.4、3.2、93.2)和戒烟者(3.2、3、93.2)(除FVC、FEV1外,均P<0.05),同卧室居住人数<3人者(3.5、3.4、93.4)高于≥3人者(2.7、2.5、91.8)(3项指标均P<0.05);对21户厨房、卧室和室外PM_(2.5)浓度进行检测,其中位数(P_(25)~P_(75))结果分别为517.0(483.5~616.0)、484.0(462.5~602.0)及398.0(378.5~411.5)CPM(P<0.05);厨房、卧室PM_(2.5)与FEV1/FVC呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论冬季室内环境因素燃煤、吸烟、宠物过敏源等是成人肺功能降低的危险因素。
Objective To understand the influence of indoor environmental risk factors on lung function in acid rain cities in high frequency coal area of southwestern China. Methods From November 2011 to March 2012, 215 adults in Zunyi City, Guizhou Province were surveyed by simple random sampling method. FVC, FEV1 and FEV1 / FVC; In addition, detection of indoor and outdoor PM_ (2.5) concentration. Results In winter, risk factors such as coal-burning, cooking fume and smoking were negatively correlated with pulmonary function (FVC, FEV1). Kitchen and living room or bedroom separated by FVC, FEV1, FEV1 / FVC values (3.5,3.4,93.4) higher than those who are not separated (3.4,3.2,93.9), indoor no rats and cockroaches (3.5,3.4,93.2) (3.0, 2.8, 92.1), non-smokers (3.6, 3.5, 93.4) were higher than smokers (3.4,3.2,93.2) and quit smokers (3.2,3,93.2) (except FVC, FEV1, (P <0.05). The average number of people living in the bedroom <3 persons (3.5,3.4,93.4) was higher than 3 (2.7,2.5,91.8) (P <0.05 for all 3 indicators) And Pm (P_ (25) ~ P_ (75)) were 517.0 (483.5 ~ 616.0), 484.0 (462.5 ~ 602.0) and 398.0 (378.5 ~ 411.5) CPM <0.05). PM_ (2.5) in kitchen and bedroom was negatively correlated with FEV1 / FVC (P <0.05). Conclusion The winter indoor environmental factors such as coal burning, smoking and pet allergens are the risk factors of lung function decline in adults.