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脆性材料单向压缩破坏的原因,“力学与实践”杂志1987年第4期曾经戴文提出:是由于“最大伸长线变形”引起的。因为混疑土,砂浆铸铁等脆性材料,在受压破坏时其破裂面与受力方向呈45°角,这是因为在承压面上有摩擦力存在,受压试件已不是单向受压,该破坏是由于最大拉应力引起的。若在承压面上没有摩擦力存在,即实现单向受压,则破裂面就与受力方向平行。因此,根据上述资料从宏观上可以说明,脆性材料单向受压破坏的原因,是由于最大伸长线变形。
The reason for the unidirectional compression failure of brittle materials was given by Devin in the 4th issue of the Journal of Mechanics and Practice, 1987. It was caused by the “deformation of the maximum elongation line.” Because of the mixed soil, mortar, cast iron and other brittle materials, when the pressure is broken, the rupture surface and the stress direction are at an angle of 45°. This is because there is friction on the pressure surface, and the pressured specimen is not one-way. Pressure, the damage is caused by the maximum tensile stress. If there is no frictional force on the pressure surface, ie, one-way compression is achieved, then the rupture surface is parallel to the direction of force. Therefore, according to the above information, it can be explained from a macroscopic point of view that the reason why the brittle material is damaged in one direction is that the maximum elongation line is deformed.