颅内出血至今仍是新生儿期的常见病,未成熟儿尤为多见,主要由于产伤或缺氧引起。临床上以窒息和中枢神经系统兴奋或抑制相继出现为主要特征。幸存者常留下脑性瘫痪,智能障碍或癫痫等后遗症,故新生儿颅内出血预防和急救日益受到关注。一、病因(一)损伤型颅内出血由于产伤造成颅内血管破裂而致出血,其部位常在脑顶部硬脑膜下或小脑幕附近。(二)缺氧型颅内出血任何原因引起胎儿缺氧的因素均能引起新生儿颅内出血。在缺氧情况下,血管壁的通透性增加,血液外渗而致出血,但往往不伴有血管破裂,这种出血多是点状出血。出血部位常在脑室管 Intracranial hemorrhage is still a common disease in the neonatal period, immature children are particularly common, mainly due to birth trauma or hypoxia. Clinically asphyxia and central nervous system excitation or inhibition appear as the main feature. Survivors often leave cerebral palsy, mental retardation or epilepsy and other sequelae, so neonatal intracranial hemorrhage prevention and emergency care are increasingly concerned. First, the etiology (a) injury intracranial hemorrhage due to injury caused by intracranial vascular rupture and bleeding, the site often in the brain at the top of the dural or tentorium. (B) hypoxia intracranial hemorrhage for any reason any cause fetal hypoxia can cause neonatal intracranial hemorrhage. In the absence of oxygen, the permeability of the vascular wall increases, extravasation of blood caused by bleeding, but often not associated with rupture of blood vessels, this bleeding is mostly punctate bleeding. Bleeding site often in the ventricular tube