科学史学家和科学哲学家之间的合作时常被推崇为一种突破而不是惯例。科学史学家有时把他们自己局限于严格叙述性地积累过去科学的详尽史料,而在逻辑实证论影响下的科学哲学家们,则时常鼓吹一种与价值无关、与历史无关的科学模式:所谓“无关”,确实是除了逻辑工具和语义学之外,几乎与一切东西无关。近年来,这两个学科之间的交流已经建立起来了,我们发现日益增多的哲学家在考察各门科学中的历史案例,以便揭示科学推理的结构,并按照在历史过程中实际呈现的那样来理解科学概念。 Cooperation between historians of science and philosophers of science is often promoted as a breakthrough rather than as a convention. Historians of science sometimes confine themselves to accumulating the detailed historical materials of the past science strictly narratively, and scientific philosophers under the influence of logical positivism often advocate a scientific model that has nothing to do with value or history, so-called “Do not care,” is really nothing more than everything except logical tools and semantics. In recent years, exchanges have been established between the two disciplines, and we find that an increasing number of philosophers examine historical cases in various sciences in order to reveal the structure of scientific reasoning and, in the light of what has actually taken place in history To understand the concept of science.