在我国古典园林中,上自帝王苑囿,下至私家宅园,无论南方、北方,叠山已成为造园中不可缺少的组成部分。叠山在我国历史上起自何时?园林界没有统一看法。从史书上记载秦、汉的苑囿,有“筑土为蓬莱山”的记载,这是中国园林最早的假山,但是用土筑成的。南北朝苑囿中的假山仍以土构筑为山,到北魏园林中才出现了用石叠假山。《魏书》记载有北魏张伦造景阳山的情况:“园林山池之美诸王莫及,伦造景阳山有若自然。”唐、宋时造山叠石进入兴盛阶段。到宋徽宗,由于他非常喜爱山石,所以叠山空前兴盛起来。这时,私家园林叠山也蔚然成风。叠山精于明清。北京的景山和北海的琼华岛是明代建都时堆成的最大的土山。故宫御花园、南京瞻园等著名的叠山是明代建筑的。瞻园南、北、西三面为假山,山洞曲折深幽,山峰挺拔多姿。计成在《园冶》一书中对造山叠石的艺术作了全面总结, In our country’s classical gardens, from the imperial courts to the private gardens, whether in the south or in the north, stacked hills have become an indispensable part of the garden. When did the mountains begin in our country’s history? There is no unified view in the landscape community. The records of Qin and Han courts in the history books have records of “Penglai Mountain”. This is the earliest rockery in Chinese gardens, but it is made of earth. The rockery in the South and North Dynasty courts was still built with soil as a mountain, and the stone rockeries appeared in the gardens of the Northern Wei Dynasty. “Wei Shu” records the case of Zhang Lun made Jingyang Mountain in the Northern Wei Dynasty: “The kings of the beauty of the garden and the king of the mountains are all like it. The Lun made Jing Yang Shan like nature. ” Tang and Song Dynasty made the mountains and stones to enter the stage of prosperity. To Huizong of the Song Dynasty, because he loved rocks very much, the mountains were flourished. At this time, private gardens have become a common practice. Stacked mountains in the Ming and Qing dynasties. Jingshan in Beijing and Qionghua in the North Sea are the largest soil mountains built during the Ming Dynasty. Imperial Palace, Nanjing Zhanyuan and other famous stacked mountains are buildings of the Ming Dynasty. Zhanyuan is a rockery on the south, north and west sides. The caves are deep and quiet, and the mountains are tall and straight. Ji Cheng made a comprehensive summary of the art of building rocks and stacked rocks in the book “Yuan Ye”.