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[目的]了解采取健康促进等干预措施后,民营企业外来务工者的职业卫生知识知晓率的变化,为制定企业健康促进策略提供依据。[方法]选择慈溪市2家民营企业,按车间分层,每个车间各随机抽取200名外来务工者为调查对象。从2010年11月至2011年12月开展为期1年的企业健康政策、支持性环境、健康教育、健康服务等健康促进干预措施。在干预前、后分别对调查者进行职业卫生知识问卷调查,内容包括职业病知识、职业有害因素、职业卫生防护、职业体检、相关法律法规等。[结果]外来务工者正确理解职业病概念的比例由干预前的70.25%上升至干预后的90.71%(P<0.05);职业卫生总体知晓率由干预前的61.47%上升至干预后的86.38%(P<0.05);初中文化程度的外来务工者的职业卫生总知晓率由干预前的49.41%上升至干预后的85.93%(P<0.05)。[结论]企业制订职业健康政策是开展外来务工者防治职业危害的关键,加强教育和培训是重要手段,安全例会前的10分钟健康教育和人际传播是有效方法。
[Objective] To understand the changes of occupational health awareness of migrant workers in non-state-owned enterprises after adopting intervention measures such as health promotion, and to provide the basis for formulating enterprise health promotion strategies. [Method] Two private enterprises in Cixi City were selected. According to the workshop, 200 migrant workers were selected randomly from each workshop as the survey subjects. From November 2010 to December 2011, a one-year health promotion intervention such as corporate health policy, supportive environment, health education and health services was conducted. Before and after the intervention, investigators were surveyed on occupational health knowledge, including knowledge of occupational diseases, occupational hazards, occupational health protection, occupational health examination, relevant laws and regulations. [Results] The proportion of migrant workers correctly understanding the concept of occupational diseases increased from 70.25% before intervention to 90.71% after intervention (P <0.05). The overall occupational health awareness increased from 61.47% before intervention to 86.38% after intervention P <0.05). The total occupational health awareness of migrant workers with junior high school education increased from 49.41% before intervention to 85.93% after intervention (P <0.05). [Conclusion] The formulation of occupational health policy in enterprises is the key to carry out prevention and control of occupational hazards for migrant workers. Strengthening education and training is an important means. Health education and interpersonal communication 10 minutes before safety regular meetings are effective methods.