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短路概念,旧教材中没有明确的定义,甚至也没有提出“短路”的概念。只是在《电路》这节说明蓄电池使用方法时,强调“绝对不允许用导线直接把两极连接起来(其他电源也不允许这样做),因为那样放电电流太大,会损坏蓄电池。”这实际上说的就是短路现象。新教材(《九年义务教育三年制初级中学教科书物理》)则进了一步,明确给出了短路的定义:“直接把导线连接在电源上,电路中会有很大的电流,可能把电源烧坏,这是不允许的,这种情况叫短路”。(见教材第52页)
The concept of short-circuit, there is no clear definition in the old textbooks, and even did not propose the concept of “short circuit.” It is only in the section “Circuits” that explains how to use the battery. Stress “Absolutely it is not allowed to connect the two poles directly with wires (other power supplies are also not allowed to do so) because the discharge current is too high and it will damage the battery.” In fact, it is a short circuit phenomenon. The new textbook (“Nine-Year Compulsory Education for Junior Secondary School Textbook Physics”) went one step further and clearly defined the definition of a short circuit: “Connect the wires directly to the power supply, and there will be a lot of current in the circuit. Burning the power supply is not allowed. This condition is called a short circuit.” (See textbook page 52)