论文部分内容阅读
积极的阅读技巧可以帮助你保持注意力集中，记住更多的信息，但这是一项需要时间和精力去发展的技能。下面有一些策略可以马上帮助到你。
◆1. Identify1 New Words 识别生词
Most of us develop a bad habit of glossing over2 words that are vaguely3 familiar to us， often not even realizing we are doing so. When you read a difficult passage or book， take a few moments to really pay attention to difficult words. You will likely find that there are many words that you think you know—but that you can’t really explain. Once you have a list of these words， write the words and meanings in a logbook. Revisit this log several times and quiz yourself on the words.
我们中的大多数人养成了一个坏习惯，那就是忽略掉我们似曾相识的单词，甚至往往没有意识到我们正在这样做。当你阅读较难的文章或书时，可以花点时间真正注意一下有难度的单词。你可能会发现有很多以为自己知道但却无法真正解释的词。一旦列出了这些词，你就把单词和意思写在日志本上。多看几次这本日志，并对自己测试一下这些单词。
◆2. Find the Main Idea 找出主旨
As your reading level increases， the complexity of your material will likely increase as well. The main idea may no longer be provided in the first sentence; it may instead be located in the second paragraph or even the second page. Finding the main idea is crucial4 to comprehension. You’ll need to practise finding the main idea of the text or article each time you’re reading.
随着你阅读水平的提高，你材料的復杂性也会增加。主旨可能不再在第一句中提出，而是放在第二段甚至第二页。找到主旨是理解的关键。每次阅读时，你都要练习找出文本或文章的主旨。
◆3. Create an Outline创建大纲
Before you dive into reading the text of a difficult book or chapter， take some time to go through the pages for subtitles5 and other indications of the structure. If you don’t see subtitles or chapters， look for transition6 words between paragraphs. Using this information， you can create an outline of the text. Going in this way helps you understand the information you are reading.
在你开始阅读难读的一本书或一章之前，花点时间浏览一下副标题和其他的结构标志。如果你找不到副标题或章节名，请在段落之间查找过渡词。利用这些信息，你可以创建文本的大纲。这种方式有助于你理解正在阅读的信息。
◆4. Read and Write 边读边动笔
While it is a time-consuming exercise to write out your notes， it is also a very effective one. Writing is a necessary part of active reading.
虽然做笔记是一项耗时的练习，但它也是一项非常有效的练习。书写是积极阅读的必要组成部分。
Once you have read a few paragraphs of material， read it over and think of one keyword that represents a whole paragraph’s message. Write that keyword in the margin7.
在你读几段材料的时候，你应该仔细读，然后想出一个代表整段信息的关键词，并把那个关键词写在页边空白处。
No matter what type of information you’re reading， learners can always create a mind map， a sketch， or a timeline to represent the information. Start by taking a clean sheet of paper. You’ll be amazed by the difference and this will make for keeping information and remembering details. 不管读的是什么类型的内容，学习者总是可以创建一个思维导图、草图，或者时间线来表示信息。你可以从一张空白的纸开始。你会惊奇地发现，这将有助于保留信息和记住细节。
Some students use highlighter8 too much and end up with a multi-colored mess. Sometimes it’s more effective to use a pencil and sticky notes when you write. Use the pencil to underline， circle， and write meaning of words in the margins， or （if you’re using a library book） use sticky notes to mark a page and a pencil to write specific notes to yourself.
有些學生过多地使用荧光笔，结果导致色彩混乱。有时，在写字时用铅笔和便利贴更有效。可以用铅笔画线，画圈和在页边空白处给单词释义，或者用便利贴标记页面并用铅笔写特殊的笔记（如果你用的是图书馆的书的话）。
◆5. Read Again and Again 多读几遍
Science tells us that we all remember more when we repeat reading. It’s good practice to read once for a basic understanding of the material， and read at least one more time to grasp9 the information more thoroughly10.
科学告诉我们，当我们重复阅读时，我们能记住更多。读一次可以对材料有一个基本的了解，然后至少再读一次，以便更彻底地掌握信息。
（英语原文选自：www.thoughtco.com）
【Notes】
1. identify [
◆1. Identify1 New Words 识别生词
Most of us develop a bad habit of glossing over2 words that are vaguely3 familiar to us， often not even realizing we are doing so. When you read a difficult passage or book， take a few moments to really pay attention to difficult words. You will likely find that there are many words that you think you know—but that you can’t really explain. Once you have a list of these words， write the words and meanings in a logbook. Revisit this log several times and quiz yourself on the words.
我们中的大多数人养成了一个坏习惯，那就是忽略掉我们似曾相识的单词，甚至往往没有意识到我们正在这样做。当你阅读较难的文章或书时，可以花点时间真正注意一下有难度的单词。你可能会发现有很多以为自己知道但却无法真正解释的词。一旦列出了这些词，你就把单词和意思写在日志本上。多看几次这本日志，并对自己测试一下这些单词。
◆2. Find the Main Idea 找出主旨
As your reading level increases， the complexity of your material will likely increase as well. The main idea may no longer be provided in the first sentence; it may instead be located in the second paragraph or even the second page. Finding the main idea is crucial4 to comprehension. You’ll need to practise finding the main idea of the text or article each time you’re reading.
随着你阅读水平的提高，你材料的復杂性也会增加。主旨可能不再在第一句中提出，而是放在第二段甚至第二页。找到主旨是理解的关键。每次阅读时，你都要练习找出文本或文章的主旨。
◆3. Create an Outline创建大纲
Before you dive into reading the text of a difficult book or chapter， take some time to go through the pages for subtitles5 and other indications of the structure. If you don’t see subtitles or chapters， look for transition6 words between paragraphs. Using this information， you can create an outline of the text. Going in this way helps you understand the information you are reading.
在你开始阅读难读的一本书或一章之前，花点时间浏览一下副标题和其他的结构标志。如果你找不到副标题或章节名，请在段落之间查找过渡词。利用这些信息，你可以创建文本的大纲。这种方式有助于你理解正在阅读的信息。
◆4. Read and Write 边读边动笔
While it is a time-consuming exercise to write out your notes， it is also a very effective one. Writing is a necessary part of active reading.
虽然做笔记是一项耗时的练习，但它也是一项非常有效的练习。书写是积极阅读的必要组成部分。
Once you have read a few paragraphs of material， read it over and think of one keyword that represents a whole paragraph’s message. Write that keyword in the margin7.
在你读几段材料的时候，你应该仔细读，然后想出一个代表整段信息的关键词，并把那个关键词写在页边空白处。
No matter what type of information you’re reading， learners can always create a mind map， a sketch， or a timeline to represent the information. Start by taking a clean sheet of paper. You’ll be amazed by the difference and this will make for keeping information and remembering details. 不管读的是什么类型的内容，学习者总是可以创建一个思维导图、草图，或者时间线来表示信息。你可以从一张空白的纸开始。你会惊奇地发现，这将有助于保留信息和记住细节。
Some students use highlighter8 too much and end up with a multi-colored mess. Sometimes it’s more effective to use a pencil and sticky notes when you write. Use the pencil to underline， circle， and write meaning of words in the margins， or （if you’re using a library book） use sticky notes to mark a page and a pencil to write specific notes to yourself.
有些學生过多地使用荧光笔，结果导致色彩混乱。有时，在写字时用铅笔和便利贴更有效。可以用铅笔画线，画圈和在页边空白处给单词释义，或者用便利贴标记页面并用铅笔写特殊的笔记（如果你用的是图书馆的书的话）。
◆5. Read Again and Again 多读几遍
Science tells us that we all remember more when we repeat reading. It’s good practice to read once for a basic understanding of the material， and read at least one more time to grasp9 the information more thoroughly10.
科学告诉我们，当我们重复阅读时，我们能记住更多。读一次可以对材料有一个基本的了解，然后至少再读一次，以便更彻底地掌握信息。
（英语原文选自：www.thoughtco.com）
【Notes】
1. identify [