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【Abstract】In the history of literature，Shakespeare，the literary giant，has left a large number of literary works with enduring vitality.Almost 400 years，Shakespeare is known as “the most shining diamond on the brilliant crown” and Hamlet has got the sustained attention of more and more national critics and readers.Due to the rich and complex nature of the character itself and a wealth of human history，culture，social content in the play，Hamlet enjoys a timeless charm and needs more in-depth further study.
【Key Words】Shakespeare； Hamlet； transcendence
Part One
The backgrounds of Shakespeare
William Shakespeare（1564-1616）was one of the greatest dramatist and poet in the period of English Renaissance.He was born on April 23，1564 in the town of Stratford（in the central England，Warwickshire），where he spent his childhood.Shakespeare’s father is a businessman，who was also a former mayor of the town Stratford.When he was a little boy，Shakespeare received basic education at the local grammar school.The courses，such as Latin，philosophy and history，had helped a lot in bringing him into contact with theater.What’s more，there had been some famous touring performances in his hometown，which also cultivated young Shakespeare’s love of theater.In grammar school，he often read the works of Roman playwright and tried to write poetry.Later，little Shakespeare had to drop out of school to earn a living because of his father’s falling into debt.After he got married in 18 years old，in 1986，Shakespeare left his home and went to London to make a living，where he played some small role as well as did some hard works.Although it was such a busy life，he never left behind the adaptation and creation of the play.In the late 16th century，Shakespeare finally became a successful writer.
During the time period as a theater artist，Shakespeare had created 37 plays，154 sonnets，as well as two lyric poems.Hamlet was written in 1601，based on the revenge legend of Hamlet Prince of Demark，which preserved in the book Danish history by 13th century chronicler Saxo Grammaticus.In 1576，a French writer put this prince revenge story in his works and similar stories had been put on the stage repeatedly by contemporary playwrights of 16th century.In 1601，Shakespeare re-adapted that medieval revenge story into a profound sense of tragedy and Hamlet’s image had become one of the most famous art typicals.Either in the respect of ideology or arts，Shakespeare’s Hamlet has far exceeded the Danish history as well as previous literature，and has made a valuable contribution to the world. Part Two
The storyline of Hamlet
The plot of famous play Hamlet can be summarized as follows： It depicts the young prince of Denmark—Hamlet，who was studying at the University of Wittenberg in Germany，immediately returned to the funeral as he got the bad news of a sudden violent death of his father.At the time，his uncle Claudius was about to take the throne and his mother was in a hurry to marry the new king.A series of bad news brought endless pain to little Hamlet，the feeling of melancholy and misanthropic began to produce in the depth of his soul.
While the new king and Hamlet’s mother wedding at carnival night，the ghost of Hamlet’s father appeared in the sky of the castle and told the truth of his own death to prince Hamlet.It was Claudius，the new king，who trickled his father’s ears while he was napping and poisoned him by using poisonous juice.Then the ghost of Hamlet’s father asked the prince to help him avenging.
Hamlet determined to revenge for his father as soon as he heard the words.To prove the truth of this shameful murder，he began faking his illness by pretending insanity and mania in front of everyone.Insidious Claudius began to doubt Hamlet and sent Hamlet’s old classmate to test him，but that was seen through by Hamlet.One day，a team of a theater was invited to take performances in the palace，Hamlet seek the chance and asked them to play a special repertoire called “rat machine”-- a deliberate fratricide case in Vienna.The new king and queen were invited to come along to watch the play，during which the new king Claudius showed his panic with a pale face，kept restlessness，and even did not play the whistle before his withdrew.By discovering the strange uneasy of his uncle，Hamlet confirmed what the ghost had said to him—it’s indeed Claudius who had patricide his father！ At the same time，intending to figure out Hamlet’s “acting”，Claudius asked the queen to make a conversation with Hamlet，and let Polonius hide behind the curtain to eavesdrop the content of the talk.Hamlet’s mother scolded him for his rude towards Claudius and Hamlet retorted with some fiery words which made the queen scream for help.After the scene became difficult to control，Hamlet realized that someone had hide behind the curtain.By mistaken the eavesdropper as his uncle Claudius，Hamlet drew his sword and stabbed toward the curtain，however，it turned out to be old Polonius.Latter，what Hamlet had done really made Claudius fear，by using certain excuses，he hastily deported Hamlet to England and secretly sent a letter to the British Lord，which asked British master to let Hamlet off.On the way to England，Hamlet discovered Claudius’s letter.He changed those sentences in the letter so that somebody else substituting for his death，and himself returned to Denmark under pirates’ help.Hamlet’s lover，Ophelia，who was the daughter of Polonius，became insanity after learned that Hamlet was sent away by the king due to killing her father，and finally drowned to death.Polonius’s son，Laertes（Ophelia’s brother），gathered a group of rebels to avenge for his father Polonius.When Hamlet and Laertes meet on Ophelia’s funeral，the two enemies became exceptionally jealous.Laertes tried to challenge Hamlet by using his sword，which was secretly painted with poison by Claudius.What’s more，there was a cup of poisoned wine left beside Hamlet，which intending to make Hamlet die.In the due，although Hamlet got final win，Laertes fenced him by his poisoned sword and Hamlet suddenly knew the conspiracy behind what had happened.Hamlet used the poisoned sword anti-stabbed Laertes and publicly disclosed the murder done by Claudius.With furious as well as old passions，Hamlet finally killed Claudius with the poisoned sword and wine together，not only punished the culprits but also ultimate his own demise. Part Three
The storyline of Hamlet
The transcendence of Hamlet can be seen from Shakespeare’s worldview，its significance as well as its characters.
The worldview of Shakespeare
Any writer cannot completely get rid of the influence of the society and prevalent thought at that time，in this aspect，literary and artistic works are the product of the era.In the most prosperous period of the English Renaissance，Shakespeare’s worldview on life and world had also experienced a process from the formation to deeper development.The masterpiece Hamlet undoubtedly reflected that Shakespeare’s worldview had transcended to be more mature，for Shakespeare pinned the humanism on the character Hamlet，faced the dark side of human nature and showed a critique of British society at that time.
In his early works，Shakespeare always believed the goodness of human nature，maintained that “love” can solve the contradiction between people，and regarded it as a great weapon to alter reality evil and make the world better.Thus，dramatic conflicts were often resolved with the repentance of wicked man and the forgiveness of the good man.During the heyday of British when it was ruled by Queen Elizabeth，the British built a unified nation and the centralized autocracy executed policies that help commercial and industrial develop.This act got the support of bourgeoisie and the new aristocracy，thus forming a temporary alliance between the king，the bourgeoisie as well as the new aristocracy.With constantly getting victory in the war，plundering in the colonial，and further promoting the development of industry and commerce，the British society showed a rich，strong and prosperous scene.It’s quite easy to understand that it’s in this kind of society，which was still relatively simple，can Shakespeare sincerely believed that humanistic ideals can be achieved.So happy optimistic romantic comedies are in the majority of his early creations，and even if he created tragedy（such as Romeo and Juliet），those tragedies are also ended with two enemies reconciled.
The play Hamlet is representative for the change of both the society（in 16th - 17th century）and Shakespeare’s worldview.During that time period，Britain gone from the “golden age” straight into the “dark age”.Progressive autocracy has already lost，all kinds of contradictions in social life became more and more intense，and the relationship between people was immersed with pecuniary interest as well as extreme individualism.All of this sparked the anger and depression of those most sensitive nerves，and although the contradiction between humanism ideal and the reality is difficult to solve，Shakespeare，as a sober realist，described the relation between the people as being filled with human selfishness，ugly，brutal and bloody，painted a picture of human nature and emotional flood，and let the character Hamlet，the advanced social ideal，became the martyr of justice who corrupted under the dark social reality.Shakespeare’s purpose was not to support the ideal by getting the final victory，but to confirm what the character had pursued was justice，progress and necessity.Hamlet’s final death meant to show the value of those goodliness by the way of destruction，and owned the victory against old system and forces at last.It should be said that the transformation of Hamlet’s humanism thought is to some extent reflects the change of Shakespeare’s view of the world. The significance of Hamlet
From the first aspect of its significance，Hamlet is a vividly personal tragedy combining social tragedy together.Hamlet is no longer a certain character，but the representative of thousands of similar people in the society.Any individual tragedies are closely related with society，and the tragedy of society also must be represented by individuals.Why the former literatures with the same theme were soon been forgotten，however，the Hamlet written by Shakespeare has enduring remains in people’s minds？ The reason is that a rich social relation has been included in Shakespeare’s plays，which makes them more typical and have become the mirror of the era.The sharp conflict between ideal and reality in Hamlet makes a personal tragedy connected with the suffering of the people in the darkness of society（can be vividly described as“upside chaotic era”）.Hamlet wanted to liberate the Danish and assumed himself as being responsible for launching the reform.Then the individual’s vengeance came together with the transformation of society.Also，Hamlet was representative of a certain class and tendencies，acting in a unique way that became quite different with previous generation in showing a distinct personal characteristic.
Moreover，Hamlet was called real tragedy because it’s quite distinguished with the story written by chronicler Saxo Grammaticus.Instead of coming to the end of burning the enemy and made a throne（the happy ending），the outcome of Shakespeare’s was both side mutual destruction—downright tragedy.Because tragedy always has more lasting influence than comedy，it causes the discomfort of human heart，and let people cannot help but thinking deeply and tasting repeatedly.Thus，the theme of the play has been sublimation.
What’s more，the significance of Hamlet can also be seen from the aspect of Shakespeare’s artistic features.The revolutionary teachers Marx and Engels called Shakespeare “the greatest dramatic geniuses”，and Henie treated Shakespeare as “the spirit of the sun” that shining on the British territory.Furthermore，the French romantic writer Hugo said that Shakespeare had set genius poet，historian，philosopher three-in-one and his works had profound philosophy，which can supply the people with “noble raise juice”.The Russian critic Bellinsky also praised the meaning and content of Shakespeare’s works like “the great and infinite universe”，for Shakespeare had pioneered the realism，and made the characters to reach the peak of perfect level. Shakespeare’s superb artistic conception and consummate artistry mainly reflects from the rich language，vivid plot and distinctive theme selection in Hamlet.From the ability of using language，Shakespeare deserves to be the master of the English language.Thomas Gray，a British poet once said of him： “every word in his hands，became a painting.” The words he used are rich，colorful，accurate，incisive，be lively，vivid，and beautiful.Thus，Shakespeare is not only a person with a large vocabulary，but also a good command of the language，for he has created a lot of new words，phrases and puns.He opened the door to the language，and collected almost all of the words of the time in which he is living.Even Today，many English vocabulary，phrases，idioms，proverbs and sayings are inherited from him.In Hamlet，the protagonist Hamlet was full of absurd words，Claudius always taking with mystifying language，and Polonius adept at using poetic language.These languages left the readers and audience everywhere a deep impression，and help them feel the sparking wisdom of Shakespeare.
The character of Hamlet
The second perspective is from the character-Hamlet itself.In some ways，transcendence comes from a person who is not satisfied with the status quo，tending to be progressive and breaking the conditions，thereby to pursue a better reality.Prince Hamlet gone from hesitating and concerning for the fate，to making a determination to avenge for his father，which can be seen as experiencing a period from the individual to the State，from thought to action beyond the process.
Hamlet’s transcendence from individual to the state has undeniable connection with his education background and the idea of humanist in Renaissance.While young Hamlet studied at the University of Wittenberg，he had been deeply immersed by the prevalent idea of humanist in the time of Renaissance.This made him confident of the state and its people，concerning about the society and wanted to be the backbone of his country.This kind of brilliant humanism has shined in the conversation nearly everywhere.For example，Hamlet’s girlfriend，Ophelia，had shown her feelings about Hamlet’s mad with words： “Oh what a noble mind is here o’erthrown！ The courtier’s，soldier’s，scholar’s，eye，tongue，sword，Th’expectancy and rose of the mould of form，Th’observers，quite，quite down”.The talk of Ophelia helped us see that Hamlet had owned the idea of humanities，which became the foundation of his transcendence from personal hatred to a high degree of concerning for his country and people. From the perspective of character itself，Hamlet also transcendence from depressed thinker to the brave actor.At the beginning，Hamlet’s heart was filled with pure and beautiful yearning for life，he felt that “What piece of work is a man，how noble in reason，how infinite in faculties，in form and moving how express and admirable，in action how like an angel，in apprehension how like a god！”.However，man’s role in humanist ideals conflicted with the reality，after contacted with the dark truth of his father’s death and the reason of his mother’s remarried，Hamlet doubted the value of “human”.He realized that Denmark was a “prison”，and even the whole world was a large “prison”，which consisted of many cells，and Denmark was one of “the worst”.He was always in meditation，always in self reproaching，always in the process of making determination.He was too absorbed in thought，too weak and melancholy，so he cannot help but signing “O，that this too solid flesh would melt.Thaw and resolve itself into a dew！ Or that the Everlasting had not fix’d.His canon’ gainst self-slaughter！ O God！ God！ How weary，stale，flat and unprofitable.Seem to me all the uses of this world！” When it came to the time that the crafty Claudius plot to murder a person by proxy（ he sent Hamlet to England and let them kill the prince，which was discovered by Hamlet，and he ran back in the halfway），it became the direct driving force of Hamlet’s transcendence，for he completely detached melancholy inner feeling and determined to revenge.And as we all know，he eventually let angry sword stab to Claudius，in this way completed the change from a thinking man into an action type.We can conclude that what Hamlet had done can be seen as “his action to revenge showing a prince’s best with real deep thought，while at the same time verified his delicate humanist thinking being connected with his inner pain”.In a word，Hamlet’s own humanistic literacy contributed to his transcendence.
Part Four
Conclusion
William Shakespeare was an English poet，playwright，and actor，widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world’s pre-eminent dramatist.He influenced novelists such as Thomas Hardy，William Faulkner，and Charles Dickens.Hamlet is Shakespeare’s longest play and among the most powerful and influential tragedies in English literature.The American novelist Herman Melville focused on a Hamlet-like character’s long development as a writer.
This thesis has made a brief introduction of Shakespeare’s growth and his family background.Basing on one of his most famous play—Hamlet，it describes the main plot of the story and forces on the transcendence analysis of the play.That transcendence can be seen from three parts： First，from the perspective of worldview，Shakespeare experienced transcendence from reconciling with surroundings to struggling and taking conflict with the dark side，then became more mature； Second，from the aspect of its significance，combining personal tragedy and social tragedy together，Hamlet has reached a unmatchable significance at that times，which not only due to the storyline，but also because of Shakespeare’s superb artistic conception and consummate artistry； Moreover，by building a character full of contradiction，the prince in Hamlet transcendence from personal level to national level，from ideal thinker to real actor. With the transcendence talking in the above，the literature classics Hamlet is enduring.Under Shakespeare’s world view and his literature creation ability，Hamlet has vitalized the historical theme of Danish and widespread the style of social tragedy.By building an image full of multiplex charm，it also incarnates humanism against social reality.Through interpretation of the transcendental of Hamlet，it helps us grasp a better understanding of the social value in this famous play.It should be said that a good literary work is a concentrated expression of the spirit of the times and the whole society.
References：
[1]Bevington，David.English Renaissance Drama： A Norton Anthology.London： W.W.Norton
【Key Words】Shakespeare； Hamlet； transcendence
Part One
The backgrounds of Shakespeare
William Shakespeare（1564-1616）was one of the greatest dramatist and poet in the period of English Renaissance.He was born on April 23，1564 in the town of Stratford（in the central England，Warwickshire），where he spent his childhood.Shakespeare’s father is a businessman，who was also a former mayor of the town Stratford.When he was a little boy，Shakespeare received basic education at the local grammar school.The courses，such as Latin，philosophy and history，had helped a lot in bringing him into contact with theater.What’s more，there had been some famous touring performances in his hometown，which also cultivated young Shakespeare’s love of theater.In grammar school，he often read the works of Roman playwright and tried to write poetry.Later，little Shakespeare had to drop out of school to earn a living because of his father’s falling into debt.After he got married in 18 years old，in 1986，Shakespeare left his home and went to London to make a living，where he played some small role as well as did some hard works.Although it was such a busy life，he never left behind the adaptation and creation of the play.In the late 16th century，Shakespeare finally became a successful writer.
During the time period as a theater artist，Shakespeare had created 37 plays，154 sonnets，as well as two lyric poems.Hamlet was written in 1601，based on the revenge legend of Hamlet Prince of Demark，which preserved in the book Danish history by 13th century chronicler Saxo Grammaticus.In 1576，a French writer put this prince revenge story in his works and similar stories had been put on the stage repeatedly by contemporary playwrights of 16th century.In 1601，Shakespeare re-adapted that medieval revenge story into a profound sense of tragedy and Hamlet’s image had become one of the most famous art typicals.Either in the respect of ideology or arts，Shakespeare’s Hamlet has far exceeded the Danish history as well as previous literature，and has made a valuable contribution to the world. Part Two
The storyline of Hamlet
The plot of famous play Hamlet can be summarized as follows： It depicts the young prince of Denmark—Hamlet，who was studying at the University of Wittenberg in Germany，immediately returned to the funeral as he got the bad news of a sudden violent death of his father.At the time，his uncle Claudius was about to take the throne and his mother was in a hurry to marry the new king.A series of bad news brought endless pain to little Hamlet，the feeling of melancholy and misanthropic began to produce in the depth of his soul.
While the new king and Hamlet’s mother wedding at carnival night，the ghost of Hamlet’s father appeared in the sky of the castle and told the truth of his own death to prince Hamlet.It was Claudius，the new king，who trickled his father’s ears while he was napping and poisoned him by using poisonous juice.Then the ghost of Hamlet’s father asked the prince to help him avenging.
Hamlet determined to revenge for his father as soon as he heard the words.To prove the truth of this shameful murder，he began faking his illness by pretending insanity and mania in front of everyone.Insidious Claudius began to doubt Hamlet and sent Hamlet’s old classmate to test him，but that was seen through by Hamlet.One day，a team of a theater was invited to take performances in the palace，Hamlet seek the chance and asked them to play a special repertoire called “rat machine”-- a deliberate fratricide case in Vienna.The new king and queen were invited to come along to watch the play，during which the new king Claudius showed his panic with a pale face，kept restlessness，and even did not play the whistle before his withdrew.By discovering the strange uneasy of his uncle，Hamlet confirmed what the ghost had said to him—it’s indeed Claudius who had patricide his father！ At the same time，intending to figure out Hamlet’s “acting”，Claudius asked the queen to make a conversation with Hamlet，and let Polonius hide behind the curtain to eavesdrop the content of the talk.Hamlet’s mother scolded him for his rude towards Claudius and Hamlet retorted with some fiery words which made the queen scream for help.After the scene became difficult to control，Hamlet realized that someone had hide behind the curtain.By mistaken the eavesdropper as his uncle Claudius，Hamlet drew his sword and stabbed toward the curtain，however，it turned out to be old Polonius.Latter，what Hamlet had done really made Claudius fear，by using certain excuses，he hastily deported Hamlet to England and secretly sent a letter to the British Lord，which asked British master to let Hamlet off.On the way to England，Hamlet discovered Claudius’s letter.He changed those sentences in the letter so that somebody else substituting for his death，and himself returned to Denmark under pirates’ help.Hamlet’s lover，Ophelia，who was the daughter of Polonius，became insanity after learned that Hamlet was sent away by the king due to killing her father，and finally drowned to death.Polonius’s son，Laertes（Ophelia’s brother），gathered a group of rebels to avenge for his father Polonius.When Hamlet and Laertes meet on Ophelia’s funeral，the two enemies became exceptionally jealous.Laertes tried to challenge Hamlet by using his sword，which was secretly painted with poison by Claudius.What’s more，there was a cup of poisoned wine left beside Hamlet，which intending to make Hamlet die.In the due，although Hamlet got final win，Laertes fenced him by his poisoned sword and Hamlet suddenly knew the conspiracy behind what had happened.Hamlet used the poisoned sword anti-stabbed Laertes and publicly disclosed the murder done by Claudius.With furious as well as old passions，Hamlet finally killed Claudius with the poisoned sword and wine together，not only punished the culprits but also ultimate his own demise. Part Three
The storyline of Hamlet
The transcendence of Hamlet can be seen from Shakespeare’s worldview，its significance as well as its characters.
The worldview of Shakespeare
Any writer cannot completely get rid of the influence of the society and prevalent thought at that time，in this aspect，literary and artistic works are the product of the era.In the most prosperous period of the English Renaissance，Shakespeare’s worldview on life and world had also experienced a process from the formation to deeper development.The masterpiece Hamlet undoubtedly reflected that Shakespeare’s worldview had transcended to be more mature，for Shakespeare pinned the humanism on the character Hamlet，faced the dark side of human nature and showed a critique of British society at that time.
In his early works，Shakespeare always believed the goodness of human nature，maintained that “love” can solve the contradiction between people，and regarded it as a great weapon to alter reality evil and make the world better.Thus，dramatic conflicts were often resolved with the repentance of wicked man and the forgiveness of the good man.During the heyday of British when it was ruled by Queen Elizabeth，the British built a unified nation and the centralized autocracy executed policies that help commercial and industrial develop.This act got the support of bourgeoisie and the new aristocracy，thus forming a temporary alliance between the king，the bourgeoisie as well as the new aristocracy.With constantly getting victory in the war，plundering in the colonial，and further promoting the development of industry and commerce，the British society showed a rich，strong and prosperous scene.It’s quite easy to understand that it’s in this kind of society，which was still relatively simple，can Shakespeare sincerely believed that humanistic ideals can be achieved.So happy optimistic romantic comedies are in the majority of his early creations，and even if he created tragedy（such as Romeo and Juliet），those tragedies are also ended with two enemies reconciled.
The play Hamlet is representative for the change of both the society（in 16th - 17th century）and Shakespeare’s worldview.During that time period，Britain gone from the “golden age” straight into the “dark age”.Progressive autocracy has already lost，all kinds of contradictions in social life became more and more intense，and the relationship between people was immersed with pecuniary interest as well as extreme individualism.All of this sparked the anger and depression of those most sensitive nerves，and although the contradiction between humanism ideal and the reality is difficult to solve，Shakespeare，as a sober realist，described the relation between the people as being filled with human selfishness，ugly，brutal and bloody，painted a picture of human nature and emotional flood，and let the character Hamlet，the advanced social ideal，became the martyr of justice who corrupted under the dark social reality.Shakespeare’s purpose was not to support the ideal by getting the final victory，but to confirm what the character had pursued was justice，progress and necessity.Hamlet’s final death meant to show the value of those goodliness by the way of destruction，and owned the victory against old system and forces at last.It should be said that the transformation of Hamlet’s humanism thought is to some extent reflects the change of Shakespeare’s view of the world. The significance of Hamlet
From the first aspect of its significance，Hamlet is a vividly personal tragedy combining social tragedy together.Hamlet is no longer a certain character，but the representative of thousands of similar people in the society.Any individual tragedies are closely related with society，and the tragedy of society also must be represented by individuals.Why the former literatures with the same theme were soon been forgotten，however，the Hamlet written by Shakespeare has enduring remains in people’s minds？ The reason is that a rich social relation has been included in Shakespeare’s plays，which makes them more typical and have become the mirror of the era.The sharp conflict between ideal and reality in Hamlet makes a personal tragedy connected with the suffering of the people in the darkness of society（can be vividly described as“upside chaotic era”）.Hamlet wanted to liberate the Danish and assumed himself as being responsible for launching the reform.Then the individual’s vengeance came together with the transformation of society.Also，Hamlet was representative of a certain class and tendencies，acting in a unique way that became quite different with previous generation in showing a distinct personal characteristic.
Moreover，Hamlet was called real tragedy because it’s quite distinguished with the story written by chronicler Saxo Grammaticus.Instead of coming to the end of burning the enemy and made a throne（the happy ending），the outcome of Shakespeare’s was both side mutual destruction—downright tragedy.Because tragedy always has more lasting influence than comedy，it causes the discomfort of human heart，and let people cannot help but thinking deeply and tasting repeatedly.Thus，the theme of the play has been sublimation.
What’s more，the significance of Hamlet can also be seen from the aspect of Shakespeare’s artistic features.The revolutionary teachers Marx and Engels called Shakespeare “the greatest dramatic geniuses”，and Henie treated Shakespeare as “the spirit of the sun” that shining on the British territory.Furthermore，the French romantic writer Hugo said that Shakespeare had set genius poet，historian，philosopher three-in-one and his works had profound philosophy，which can supply the people with “noble raise juice”.The Russian critic Bellinsky also praised the meaning and content of Shakespeare’s works like “the great and infinite universe”，for Shakespeare had pioneered the realism，and made the characters to reach the peak of perfect level. Shakespeare’s superb artistic conception and consummate artistry mainly reflects from the rich language，vivid plot and distinctive theme selection in Hamlet.From the ability of using language，Shakespeare deserves to be the master of the English language.Thomas Gray，a British poet once said of him： “every word in his hands，became a painting.” The words he used are rich，colorful，accurate，incisive，be lively，vivid，and beautiful.Thus，Shakespeare is not only a person with a large vocabulary，but also a good command of the language，for he has created a lot of new words，phrases and puns.He opened the door to the language，and collected almost all of the words of the time in which he is living.Even Today，many English vocabulary，phrases，idioms，proverbs and sayings are inherited from him.In Hamlet，the protagonist Hamlet was full of absurd words，Claudius always taking with mystifying language，and Polonius adept at using poetic language.These languages left the readers and audience everywhere a deep impression，and help them feel the sparking wisdom of Shakespeare.
The character of Hamlet
The second perspective is from the character-Hamlet itself.In some ways，transcendence comes from a person who is not satisfied with the status quo，tending to be progressive and breaking the conditions，thereby to pursue a better reality.Prince Hamlet gone from hesitating and concerning for the fate，to making a determination to avenge for his father，which can be seen as experiencing a period from the individual to the State，from thought to action beyond the process.
Hamlet’s transcendence from individual to the state has undeniable connection with his education background and the idea of humanist in Renaissance.While young Hamlet studied at the University of Wittenberg，he had been deeply immersed by the prevalent idea of humanist in the time of Renaissance.This made him confident of the state and its people，concerning about the society and wanted to be the backbone of his country.This kind of brilliant humanism has shined in the conversation nearly everywhere.For example，Hamlet’s girlfriend，Ophelia，had shown her feelings about Hamlet’s mad with words： “Oh what a noble mind is here o’erthrown！ The courtier’s，soldier’s，scholar’s，eye，tongue，sword，Th’expectancy and rose of the mould of form，Th’observers，quite，quite down”.The talk of Ophelia helped us see that Hamlet had owned the idea of humanities，which became the foundation of his transcendence from personal hatred to a high degree of concerning for his country and people. From the perspective of character itself，Hamlet also transcendence from depressed thinker to the brave actor.At the beginning，Hamlet’s heart was filled with pure and beautiful yearning for life，he felt that “What piece of work is a man，how noble in reason，how infinite in faculties，in form and moving how express and admirable，in action how like an angel，in apprehension how like a god！”.However，man’s role in humanist ideals conflicted with the reality，after contacted with the dark truth of his father’s death and the reason of his mother’s remarried，Hamlet doubted the value of “human”.He realized that Denmark was a “prison”，and even the whole world was a large “prison”，which consisted of many cells，and Denmark was one of “the worst”.He was always in meditation，always in self reproaching，always in the process of making determination.He was too absorbed in thought，too weak and melancholy，so he cannot help but signing “O，that this too solid flesh would melt.Thaw and resolve itself into a dew！ Or that the Everlasting had not fix’d.His canon’ gainst self-slaughter！ O God！ God！ How weary，stale，flat and unprofitable.Seem to me all the uses of this world！” When it came to the time that the crafty Claudius plot to murder a person by proxy（ he sent Hamlet to England and let them kill the prince，which was discovered by Hamlet，and he ran back in the halfway），it became the direct driving force of Hamlet’s transcendence，for he completely detached melancholy inner feeling and determined to revenge.And as we all know，he eventually let angry sword stab to Claudius，in this way completed the change from a thinking man into an action type.We can conclude that what Hamlet had done can be seen as “his action to revenge showing a prince’s best with real deep thought，while at the same time verified his delicate humanist thinking being connected with his inner pain”.In a word，Hamlet’s own humanistic literacy contributed to his transcendence.
Part Four
Conclusion
William Shakespeare was an English poet，playwright，and actor，widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language and the world’s pre-eminent dramatist.He influenced novelists such as Thomas Hardy，William Faulkner，and Charles Dickens.Hamlet is Shakespeare’s longest play and among the most powerful and influential tragedies in English literature.The American novelist Herman Melville focused on a Hamlet-like character’s long development as a writer.
This thesis has made a brief introduction of Shakespeare’s growth and his family background.Basing on one of his most famous play—Hamlet，it describes the main plot of the story and forces on the transcendence analysis of the play.That transcendence can be seen from three parts： First，from the perspective of worldview，Shakespeare experienced transcendence from reconciling with surroundings to struggling and taking conflict with the dark side，then became more mature； Second，from the aspect of its significance，combining personal tragedy and social tragedy together，Hamlet has reached a unmatchable significance at that times，which not only due to the storyline，but also because of Shakespeare’s superb artistic conception and consummate artistry； Moreover，by building a character full of contradiction，the prince in Hamlet transcendence from personal level to national level，from ideal thinker to real actor. With the transcendence talking in the above，the literature classics Hamlet is enduring.Under Shakespeare’s world view and his literature creation ability，Hamlet has vitalized the historical theme of Danish and widespread the style of social tragedy.By building an image full of multiplex charm，it also incarnates humanism against social reality.Through interpretation of the transcendental of Hamlet，it helps us grasp a better understanding of the social value in this famous play.It should be said that a good literary work is a concentrated expression of the spirit of the times and the whole society.
References：
[1]Bevington，David.English Renaissance Drama： A Norton Anthology.London： W.W.Norton