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《最高人民法院关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》于 2 0 0 2年 4月 1日实行。在《规定》中 ,将举证责任的含义界定为行为意义的举证责任与结果意义的举证责任 ,前者是指谁对待证事实提供证据证明 ,后者是指如不能提供证据证明将承担不利的后果。举证责任分配的一般的规定采纳了法律要件分类说 :即主张权利存在的当事人对权利发生的法律事实负举证责任 ,而主张权利不存在的当事人对权利消灭或者妨碍或限制权利的法律事实负举证责任。《规定》另规定了 8种情形下举证责任倒置 ,其中 5种情形为民法通则中的特殊侵权行为 ,外加共同危险行为、专利产品侵权行为及医疗侵权行为。《规定》要求证据的提供必须在举证时限之前 ,否则将导致证据失权。通过证据时限达到固定争点和证据 ,提高诉讼效率的目的。《规定》对非法证据予以重新界定 ,并以侵害他人合法权益或者违反法律禁止性规定的手段取得的证据界定为非法证据。
The Supreme People’s Court Several Provisions on Evidence in Civil Litigation came into effect on April 1, 2002. In the “Provisions”, the meaning of the burden of proof is defined as the burden of proof in the sense of action and the meaning of the result. The former refers to who provides the evidence to prove the fact and the latter refers that if the evidence can not be proved to bear the adverse consequences . The general provisions of the distribution of burden of proof adopted the classification of legal elements that: the claim that the existence of the parties to the legal facts of the right to bear the burden of proof, and advocates the absence of rights of the parties to eliminate or hinder or limit the rights of legal facts to testify responsibility. The Provisions stipulate the reversal of the burden of proof in eight cases, of which five are special violations in the general rules of civil law, together with common dangerous behaviors, infringement of patent products and medical tort. “Provisions” require the provision of evidence must be provided before the time limit for proof, otherwise it will lead to the loss of evidence. Through the time limit for evidence to reach fixed points and evidence to improve litigation efficiency. The Provisions stipulate that the illegal evidence should be redefined and evidence obtained as a violation of the lawful rights and interests of others or as a violation of the law prohibits the provision of illegitimate evidence.