等效方法是指效果相同的物理过程可以相互替代而结果是等效的思想方法,提供了以简单模型取代复杂问题的方法。熟练运用等效方法,思维过程的动作成分可以合并、省略、简化,思维活动跳跃性大,能大大简缩。 1.等效替换参照物,变模糊为清晰 例题:一列火车做匀加速直线运动,车头通过路标的速度为v_1,车尾通过路标的速度为v_2,求列车中点通过路标的速度。 解决此运动学问题,学生习惯以静止路标为参照 The equivalent method refers to the idea that the same physical process can replace each other and the result is equivalent. It provides a simple model to replace the complex problem. Skilled in the use of equivalent methods, the action components of the thinking process can be combined, omitted, simplified, and the thinking activity jumps greatly and can be greatly reduced. 1. Equivalent substitute reference, blurred to clear Example: a train to do uniform acceleration linear movement, the speed of the front through the road sign for v_1, the speed of the road through the road sign for v_2, seeking the speed of the midpoint of the train through the road. To solve this kinematic problem, students are accustomed to referencing stationary road signs