康有为是中国近代促发深刻变革的首批重要推动者之一,一生致力于创发孔教、推动孔教建制化,其孔教观的根本内核就在《教学通义》提出的教及民、吏。康有为在晚清民初的孔教国教化努力,根本在于从今改制,使孔教成为施于全体国民的包罗基础教育、公共宗教、民众教养等的国家教化体系,成为施于士人和官吏并由他们担纲的国家文教和治理体系。因应国竞时代的需要,康有为也致力于使孔教成为教会组织化的人道宗教。康有为的努力无果而终,但在当代中国却正在产生可能有效的回响。今天的问题恰恰在于中国社会正处于一种以新的士阶层彷徨无主为重要表征的深层次的失教状态,“如何安置孔子”成为亟待解决的问题。重新思考康有为孔教方案,看康有为如何在薄厚之间拿捏孔教及其与国家和社会间的关系,或许能带给我们某种解决问题的启示。 Kang Youwei was one of the first major promoters of profound changes in modern China. Through his life he devoted himself to creating Confucianism and promoting the establishment of Confucianism. The fundamental essence of Confucianism in Confucianism was taught in the teaching of Tongyi Officials. Kang Youwei tried hard to teach Confucianism in the late Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China. It essentially rescued Kong from now into a system of national education encompassing all nationalities, including basic education, public religion, public nurturing, etc., And by them featuring the national culture and education and governance system. In response to the needs of the national competitive era, Kang Youwei is also devoting himself to making Confucianism a humane and religious church. Kang Youwei’s efforts ended without success, but in modern China it is making a potentially effective response. The problem today is precisely that Chinese society is in a state of deep misconduct that is characterized by ignorance of the new taxonomists. How to settle Confucius has become a problem to be solved urgently. Rethinking Kang Youwei’s program of Confucian teachings and seeing how Kang Youwei taught Confucianism and its relationship with the state and society between thin and thick, we may be able to bring some enlightenment for us to solve the problem.