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由于世界科学技术的不断发展,时代对于人材的需要也在不断发生变化。重视学生交际能力的培养,使之适应飞速发展的社会的需要,已受到许多国家语文教学界的普遍重视。在这方面,西德语文教学界不仅有自己的理论、实践,而且还有很多很系统的训练教材。其中以费迪南德·社宁出版社1980年出版的《语言训练》一套教材为西德国内使用者最多、最具特色的教材(西德没有全国统编教材)。它不是纯理论地阐述有关知识,而是按年级、由易到难、由浅入深地设计了一套训练实例及其思考练习,使学生在生动、有趣的实例练习中掌握各种常用的说话和写作的基本知识与技能技巧。这套教材的实例多面向社会、面向学生的生活实际,让学生在此基础上做各种有趣的练习,不仅使学生有话可说、有内容可写,而且能促使他们积极思维,提高分析问题、解决问题的能力。《区别交际的特点》一文选译自《语言训练》第八册(用于八年级,相当于中国的初二年级——编译者)。译介于此,目的在于给我国中学写作教材编写工作者参考,在于开阔的师生的视野。
Due to the continuous development of science and technology in the world, the needs of the times for human resources are constantly changing. Emphasizing the cultivation of students’ communicative competence and adapting them to the needs of a rapidly developing society has received widespread attention from the Chinese language teaching community in many countries. In this regard, the teaching profession of Western German language not only has its own theory and practice, but also has many very systematic training materials. Among them, Ferdinand Seen Press’s “Language Training” series published in 1980 is the most popular and unique textbook in West Germany (West Germany does not have national textbooks). It does not explain the relevant knowledge purely theoretically, but designs a set of training examples and thinking exercises from grade to grade, from easy to difficult, and from shallow to deep, so that students can grasp various commonly used words in vivid and interesting example exercises. And writing basic knowledge and skills skills. The examples of this set of textbooks are oriented towards the reality of life for the society and students. Students can do various interesting exercises on this basis. This not only enables students to have something to say but also has content to write, and it can motivate them to think positively and improve their analysis. Problems, ability to solve problems. The article “Characteristics of Differentiating Communication” was selected from the “Language Training” Book 8 (for the eighth grade, equivalent to China’s first and second graders—compilers). The purpose of this translation is to provide reference for the writing of high school writing textbooks in China, which is based on the vision of teachers and students.