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一马克思唯物史观建立过程中的一个显著特色,是深入地探讨和论证了人的本质。人的本质的揭示,是马克思唯物史观形成的一个基本前提。然而,马克思关于人的本质的表述,在同时写作的《一八四四年经济学—哲学手稿》(以下简称《手稿》)和《詹姆斯·穆勒〈政治经济学原理〉一书摘要》(以下简称《摘要》)中,却有两个不尽相同的定义。在《手稿》中得出的人的本质是“自由的有意识的活动”的结论的同一时期,马克思在《摘要》中却又说:“人的本质是人的真正的社会联系。”不但如此,在以后的《关于费尔巴哈的提纲》(以下简称《提纲》)
A distinctive feature of the process of establishing Marxist historical materialism is to thoroughly explore and demonstrate the essence of human beings. The revelation of human essence is a basic premise formed by Marx’s historical materialism. However, Marx’s formulation of the essence of human beings, at the same time as “Abstract of 1844 Economics - Philosophy Manuscripts” (hereinafter referred to as “Manuscripts”) and “James Muller’s Principles of Political Economy” Hereinafter referred to as the “Summary”), there are two different definitions. In the same period Marx concluded in his “manuscript” as the conclusion of “free and conscious activity,” Marx added: “The essence of man is the true social connection of man.” , In later “syllabus of Feuerbach” (hereinafter referred to as “syllabus”)