论文部分内容阅读
【摘要】本文通过分析一节在阅读策略引导下的初中英语阅读课,在阅读教学中有意识地渗透导入、预测、略读、寻读、细读、猜测词义、推理、理解文章结构等阅读策略,以提高课堂阅读教学的有效性。
【关键词】阅读策略;阅读课
【作者简介】郑凤娟,浙江省台州初级中学。
一、阅读教学中存在的问题
阅读课以读作为语言输入方式,旨在培养学生的阅读理解、思考和表达能力,同时也是发展学生思维能力的重要途径。而低效的英语阅读直接影响着学生对英语学习的情感态度,严重制约着学生英语水平的提高。
在目前的初中阅读教学中,许多教师在教学中重语言的讲解,轻语言内容的理解与分析。对课文一般是逐字逐句的阅读。另一方面,教师在阅读教学时策略渗透意识差,导致学生阅读能力欠缺。
本文将以人教版(Go for it)八年级下册Unit 5中Section A 3a The Storm Brought People Closer Together的阅读课为例,在阅读中有意识地渗透略读、扫读、理解大意、猜测词义、推理、理解文章结构、理解图表信息等阅读策略,切实提高学生的阅读效率。
二、教材分析和教学目标设定
本节课的阅读文本共四段,介绍了美国Alabama州发生的一场暴风雨,以及这场暴雨对当地所造成的影响。本单元的语言目标是能够用过去进行时态对过去发生的事情进行描述。依据这个语言目标,本节课设定了如下的教学目标。
1.能选择适当的阅读策略获取相关信息。
2.能够准确地运用 when/while引导的时间状语从句来描述故事中发生的事情。
3.能够用本课所学语言描述2008年汶川大地震发生的故事。
三、教学过程
Step 1:欣赏风景照——导入文本主题。
教师首先呈现一张美国地图以及Alabama州的一张优美风景照,然后再呈现文本中被暴风雨袭击后的Alabama州的图片。
Teacher: Alabama is a beautiful state in America. However, a terrible rainstorm hit that area last year and broke many things apart. Today we are going to read a passage about the rainstorm.
设计说明:通过两张图片的比较,让学生明白这场暴风雨所造成的严重后果,开门见山的点明了阅读的主题,激发学生的学习兴趣,同时巧妙地处理了生词area和词组break apart。
Step 2.略读——理解文本结构。
Teacher: There are four paragraphs in the passage.
According to the time, can you divide the passage into three parts?
PPT设计如下:
设计说明:通过略读,学生能够快速获取信息,理解文本总体结构,为下一步的细读打下基础。
Step 3.细读——了解文本细节。
学生通过略读后,对文本的脉络有了基本的认识,笔者要求学生通过细读来了解文本细节。在学习文本细节时,笔者采取填写表格、提问、思维导图等多种任务形式,帮助学生熟悉文本内容。
Teacher: How was the weather before the rainstorm?
What preparation did Ben’s parents do before the rainstorm came?
笔者要求学生在阅读第一、二自然段后完成下列表格内容:
在核对答案的同时,笔者对一、二两段文本进一步细化处理。
1)让学生根据上下文语境猜测light这一词在文中的意思。
A. n.灯 B. n.电灯 C. adj.轻的
2)T: What else might be needed in a storm?
S: food, drinking water, smartphones, medicine, etc.
對文本第二部分的处理是采用提问的方式。
Teacher: When did the rainstorm start?
Ss: While Ben was helping his mom make dinner.
Teacher: What did they do after dinner?
Ss: They played a card game.
Teacher: Did they have fun playing the card game?
Ss: No,they didn’t .
Teacher: How do you know that?
Ss: It was hard to have fun with a serious storm happening outside.
Teacher: What can you infer from the sentence?
Ss: The rainstorm was scary/serious/heavy.
Everyone was worried about the storm.
第四自然段阅读检测方式则是要求完成一张表格和一张思维导图。 Teacher: Did Ben worry about the storm,too?
How do you know that?
Ss: He couldn’t sleep at first.
Teacher: When did he fall asleep? When did he wake up?
设计说明:对于阅读而言,表格比文字更有利于提取有意义的信息,表格展示了文本的关键信息和事物的主要特征,并且把多种信息整合、联系起来,容易让学生理清各种关系(李杰、陈静波,2014)。表2和表3清晰地理清了故事发展中的各项活动内容。思维导图1用立体的方式展现了暴雨对该地区所造成的破坏。通过推理得出结论,可以将学生带入思维空间,启发学生思维。
Step 4.深思——了解作者意图。
笔者让学生结合文本思考以下问题:
Teacher: What does the writer think of the storm?
A. The storm was completely terrible.
B. The storm was not always bad.
Ss: B
Teacher: Why do you think so?
Ss: Although the rainstorm broke many things apart, it brought families and neighbors closer together.
Teacher: How did the people help each other after the storm?
Ss: They helped to clean up the neighborhood.
设计说明:阅读的目的不仅仅是获取信息和培养阅读策略,还在于明白作者的写作意图。教师应该引导学生对文本进行深层次的理解,使学生通过获取信息学会欣赏语言文字、篇章结构和文章的思想,最终领悟文本所体现的思想内涵。学生通过思考明白,暴风雨虽然对当地造成了破坏,却让人们更紧密地团结在一起。
Step 5.读写结合——文本输出。
Teacher: What other things can bring people closer together?
Ss: The earthquake/the flood/the accidents ,etc.
Teacher: How can we help each other in times of difficulty?
Ss: We could give away money/food…
We could work as volunteers.
最后,笔者呈现汶川地震的几张图片和一个幸存者的照片,要求学生以幸存者的身份,发挥想象,以小组的讨论的形式把下列文章补充完整。
I will never forget the day when the earthquake happened at 14:28 on Monday, May 12th, 2008.I was ________when I suddenly found the floor shaking. People were really scared. Some were __________, some were ___________, and others were_________. Luckily, I ran out of the building in time. I found everything was in a mess. ____________________. What a terrible day! That night, I stayed in the square with my parents. I didn’t ________ until midnight. The next morning, when I woke up, I saw many people offering to help. Soldiers(士兵) were _______________. Doctors were ______________. Volunteers were____________. I was deeply moved. Although the earthquake _________, it ________.
设计说明:以读促写、读写结合等形式的教学设计在课堂的后文本阶段得到广泛实践,通过这种活动,学生可以迁移运用已有的语言知识,实现阅读和写作教学的良性循环,达到阅读和写作两种能力共同提高的目的(史旭花,2015)。
四、结束语
總而言之,阅读策略的培养是提高学生阅读理解能力的有效手段,是学习策略的重要组成部分,也是体现英语教育总体目标的一个重要方面。教师在阅读教学中要以文本为依托,逐步培养学生有效的阅读策略,提高学生的阅读兴趣,让学生乐于阅读,并善于阅读。
参考文献:
[1]李杰,陈静波.基于思维开发的阅读教学设计[J].中学外语教与学,2014(7):11-15.
[2]史旭花.初中英语读后写作活动的教学策略与思考[J].中小学外语教学(中学篇),2015(6):15-20.
【关键词】阅读策略;阅读课
【作者简介】郑凤娟,浙江省台州初级中学。
一、阅读教学中存在的问题
阅读课以读作为语言输入方式,旨在培养学生的阅读理解、思考和表达能力,同时也是发展学生思维能力的重要途径。而低效的英语阅读直接影响着学生对英语学习的情感态度,严重制约着学生英语水平的提高。
在目前的初中阅读教学中,许多教师在教学中重语言的讲解,轻语言内容的理解与分析。对课文一般是逐字逐句的阅读。另一方面,教师在阅读教学时策略渗透意识差,导致学生阅读能力欠缺。
本文将以人教版(Go for it)八年级下册Unit 5中Section A 3a The Storm Brought People Closer Together的阅读课为例,在阅读中有意识地渗透略读、扫读、理解大意、猜测词义、推理、理解文章结构、理解图表信息等阅读策略,切实提高学生的阅读效率。
二、教材分析和教学目标设定
本节课的阅读文本共四段,介绍了美国Alabama州发生的一场暴风雨,以及这场暴雨对当地所造成的影响。本单元的语言目标是能够用过去进行时态对过去发生的事情进行描述。依据这个语言目标,本节课设定了如下的教学目标。
1.能选择适当的阅读策略获取相关信息。
2.能够准确地运用 when/while引导的时间状语从句来描述故事中发生的事情。
3.能够用本课所学语言描述2008年汶川大地震发生的故事。
三、教学过程
Step 1:欣赏风景照——导入文本主题。
教师首先呈现一张美国地图以及Alabama州的一张优美风景照,然后再呈现文本中被暴风雨袭击后的Alabama州的图片。
Teacher: Alabama is a beautiful state in America. However, a terrible rainstorm hit that area last year and broke many things apart. Today we are going to read a passage about the rainstorm.
设计说明:通过两张图片的比较,让学生明白这场暴风雨所造成的严重后果,开门见山的点明了阅读的主题,激发学生的学习兴趣,同时巧妙地处理了生词area和词组break apart。
Step 2.略读——理解文本结构。
Teacher: There are four paragraphs in the passage.
According to the time, can you divide the passage into three parts?
PPT设计如下:
设计说明:通过略读,学生能够快速获取信息,理解文本总体结构,为下一步的细读打下基础。
Step 3.细读——了解文本细节。
学生通过略读后,对文本的脉络有了基本的认识,笔者要求学生通过细读来了解文本细节。在学习文本细节时,笔者采取填写表格、提问、思维导图等多种任务形式,帮助学生熟悉文本内容。
Teacher: How was the weather before the rainstorm?
What preparation did Ben’s parents do before the rainstorm came?
笔者要求学生在阅读第一、二自然段后完成下列表格内容:
在核对答案的同时,笔者对一、二两段文本进一步细化处理。
1)让学生根据上下文语境猜测light这一词在文中的意思。
A. n.灯 B. n.电灯 C. adj.轻的
2)T: What else might be needed in a storm?
S: food, drinking water, smartphones, medicine, etc.
對文本第二部分的处理是采用提问的方式。
Teacher: When did the rainstorm start?
Ss: While Ben was helping his mom make dinner.
Teacher: What did they do after dinner?
Ss: They played a card game.
Teacher: Did they have fun playing the card game?
Ss: No,they didn’t .
Teacher: How do you know that?
Ss: It was hard to have fun with a serious storm happening outside.
Teacher: What can you infer from the sentence?
Ss: The rainstorm was scary/serious/heavy.
Everyone was worried about the storm.
第四自然段阅读检测方式则是要求完成一张表格和一张思维导图。 Teacher: Did Ben worry about the storm,too?
How do you know that?
Ss: He couldn’t sleep at first.
Teacher: When did he fall asleep? When did he wake up?
设计说明:对于阅读而言,表格比文字更有利于提取有意义的信息,表格展示了文本的关键信息和事物的主要特征,并且把多种信息整合、联系起来,容易让学生理清各种关系(李杰、陈静波,2014)。表2和表3清晰地理清了故事发展中的各项活动内容。思维导图1用立体的方式展现了暴雨对该地区所造成的破坏。通过推理得出结论,可以将学生带入思维空间,启发学生思维。
Step 4.深思——了解作者意图。
笔者让学生结合文本思考以下问题:
Teacher: What does the writer think of the storm?
A. The storm was completely terrible.
B. The storm was not always bad.
Ss: B
Teacher: Why do you think so?
Ss: Although the rainstorm broke many things apart, it brought families and neighbors closer together.
Teacher: How did the people help each other after the storm?
Ss: They helped to clean up the neighborhood.
设计说明:阅读的目的不仅仅是获取信息和培养阅读策略,还在于明白作者的写作意图。教师应该引导学生对文本进行深层次的理解,使学生通过获取信息学会欣赏语言文字、篇章结构和文章的思想,最终领悟文本所体现的思想内涵。学生通过思考明白,暴风雨虽然对当地造成了破坏,却让人们更紧密地团结在一起。
Step 5.读写结合——文本输出。
Teacher: What other things can bring people closer together?
Ss: The earthquake/the flood/the accidents ,etc.
Teacher: How can we help each other in times of difficulty?
Ss: We could give away money/food…
We could work as volunteers.
最后,笔者呈现汶川地震的几张图片和一个幸存者的照片,要求学生以幸存者的身份,发挥想象,以小组的讨论的形式把下列文章补充完整。
I will never forget the day when the earthquake happened at 14:28 on Monday, May 12th, 2008.I was ________when I suddenly found the floor shaking. People were really scared. Some were __________, some were ___________, and others were_________. Luckily, I ran out of the building in time. I found everything was in a mess. ____________________. What a terrible day! That night, I stayed in the square with my parents. I didn’t ________ until midnight. The next morning, when I woke up, I saw many people offering to help. Soldiers(士兵) were _______________. Doctors were ______________. Volunteers were____________. I was deeply moved. Although the earthquake _________, it ________.
设计说明:以读促写、读写结合等形式的教学设计在课堂的后文本阶段得到广泛实践,通过这种活动,学生可以迁移运用已有的语言知识,实现阅读和写作教学的良性循环,达到阅读和写作两种能力共同提高的目的(史旭花,2015)。
四、结束语
總而言之,阅读策略的培养是提高学生阅读理解能力的有效手段,是学习策略的重要组成部分,也是体现英语教育总体目标的一个重要方面。教师在阅读教学中要以文本为依托,逐步培养学生有效的阅读策略,提高学生的阅读兴趣,让学生乐于阅读,并善于阅读。
参考文献:
[1]李杰,陈静波.基于思维开发的阅读教学设计[J].中学外语教与学,2014(7):11-15.
[2]史旭花.初中英语读后写作活动的教学策略与思考[J].中小学外语教学(中学篇),2015(6):15-20.