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1. 用how often或how many times填空。
⑴“____ do you help your mother do the housework, Danny?” “Once a week.”
⑵“____ have you been to Shanghai before?” “Three times.”
⑶“____ do you have to take this medicine a day?” “Three times.”
⑷“____ do you go to the country to see your grandparents, Li Ming?” “Twice a year.”
[Key:⑴How often ⑵How many times ⑶How many times ⑷How often]
【辨析】(1)how often 意为“多久(一次)”,用来询问某动作间隔多久进行一次,即用来询问动作间隔的时间长度或动作发生的频率,即可以用来对once a week(一周一次), twice a month(一月二次),three times a day(一天三次)等频度状语进行提问。例如:
Mrs Brown goes shopping twice a week. (对划线部分提问)
→How often does Mrs Brown go shopping?
(2)how many times 是用来询问次数的,意为“多少次”。常对once(一次), twice(两次), three times(三次)等状语进行提问。例如:
“How many times did you go to Beijing?” “Only once.” “你去过北京几次?” “只去过一次。”
2. 用hard 或hardly 填空。
⑴Think ____ and you’ll have a good idea.
⑵I was so tired that I could ____ rise to my feet.
⑶It began to blow quite ____ just before midnight.
⑷Don’t be too ____ on me.
⑸I know that he leads a very ____ life.
⑹At this hour there was ____ any noise in the street.
[Key:⑴hard ⑵hardly ⑶hard ⑷hard ⑸hard ⑹hardly]
【辨析】hardly 和hard 不是简单的派生关系。在词典中,两者是以独立的词条出现的。hardly 与hard 在词义、词性的句法作用上都有所不同。
(1)hardly 是副词,意为“几乎不”、“简直不”,多和can 连用。can hardly在意思上接近于almost not。hardly 也可作“几乎没有”解,后面常跟any。hardly any 在意思上接近于almost no。例如:
The farmer and his wife can hardly make their way through such a large crowd.
农夫和妻子几乎不能从这一大群人中间挤过去。
There’s hardly any coal left. 这几乎没有煤剩下。
Once you are used to smoking, you can hardly give it up.
一旦你习惯吸烟,几乎就戒不掉。
(2)hard 可用作形容词或副词。用作形容词时,hard 作“困难的”“硬的”、“勤奋的”、“严厉的”、“苛刻的”解。例如:
That means that once you start taking the drug, it is hard to give it up.
这就意味着,你一旦吸上毒,就很难戒掉。
Steel is harder than wood. 钢比木头硬。
Tom is a hard student. 汤姆是个很勤奋的学生。
hard 用作副词时,意为“努力地”、“猛烈地”、“剧烈地”。例如:
It was raining hard when I got there. 我到达那里时,正下着大雨。
The little girl looked at me and cried harder and harder.
那小女孩看了看我,哭得越来越厉害了。
The people are all working hard. 人们都在努力地工作。
3. 用no或not填空。
⑴There are ____ any knives in the bag.
⑵I have ____ much time.
⑶They are ____ playing basketball.
⑷There is ____ water in the glass.
⑸He has ____ balloons.
[Key:⑴not ⑵not ⑶not ⑷no ⑸no]
【辨析】no 和not 都含否定意义。二者之间的区别是:no可用作形容词,也可用作副词;not只可用作副词。no 用作形容词时,可直接放在名词前面。但如果名词前面已经有a, the, his, much, any 等限定词,则应该在这些词前面用not。例如:
There are no classes this afternoon. 今天下午没有课。
It’s a duck, not a chicken. 这是只鸭子,不是只鸡。
试译:杯子里没有茶。
误:There is no any tea in the cup.
正:There is not any tea in the cup./There is no tea in the cup.
注意:no 后面的名词可以是单数形式,也可以是复数形式。例如:
I have no radio(s). 我没有收音机。
no 后面接名词的单数形式还是接名词的复数形式,有时应依据实际情况而定。例如:
That dog has no tail. 那条狗没有尾巴。(因为狗只有一条尾巴,所以此处的tail为单数形式。)
4. 用must或have to填空。
⑴I ____ write her a letter next week.
⑵We ____ always follow(跟随) the Party.
⑶He ____ wait for another two hours because the train is late.
⑷We’ll ____ get up early tomorrow morning.
[Key:⑴must/have to ⑵must ⑶has to ⑷have to]
【辨析】(1)两者都可以表示“必须”。must 着重于表示说话人主观上认为自己有义务、有必要,have to 着重于表示客观上“不得不”。例如:
We must work hard. 我们必须努力工作。(是我们要这样做)
We have to work hard. 我们得卖力干活。(环境使我们不得不这样做)
I have to help my mother do housework. 我得帮助我母亲做家务。
(2)must 只有一种形式,通常表示现在或将来时,而have to 有各种时态形式。例如:
When I was your age, I already had to work. 我像你们这么大时,已经不得不工作了。
I’ll have to go to the countryside tomorrow. 明天我得去乡下。
(3)用于否定句时,mustn’t 表示“不准”、“不许可”、“禁止”; have not to(或don’t have to) 则表示“不必”。例如:
You mustn’t smoke in the classroom. 不准你在教室里抽烟。
You don’t have to worry about his studies. 你不必为他的学习而担心。
5. 用health, healthy或unhealthy填空。
⑴It is ____ to eat junk food.
⑵You should take a lot of ____ exercise.
⑶Your grandfather has a very ____ looking.
⑷To most people, ____ is more important than money.
⑸You do not look so ____ these days. You’d better go and see a doctor.
[Key:⑴unhealthy ⑵healthy ⑶healthy ⑷health ⑸healthy]
【辨析】health是名词,意为“健康”。healthy 是由名词health 加后缀-y派生出来的同义形容词。healthy 意为“健康的”、“强壮的”,其同义词为fit, 相当于well或strong。其反义词是unhealthy 或者weak。例如:
His health is not good. 他的身体不好。
Here’s to your health! 祝你健康!
“How are you recently?” “Oh, I’m very healthy.” “你近来怎样?” “哦,我很好。”
As he just left hospital, he is still not so healthy.(=As he just left hospital, he is still quite unhealthy/weak.) 因为刚刚出院,他的身体仍然相当虚弱。
6. 用different, differently或difference填空。
⑴There are five ____ between the two pictures.
⑵English names are ____ from Chinese names.
⑶Taking more exercise makes a big ____ to your health.
⑷Boys and girls behaved ____ when they were playing that game.
[Key:⑴differences ⑵different ⑶difference ⑷differently]
【辨析】(1)different是形容词,意为“不同的”、“有区别的”,可用作定语和表语。“be different from…”意为“……与……不同”。例如:
There are different kinds of animals in the woods. 森林里有不同种类的动物。
My computer is pretty different from yours. 我的电脑与你的电脑差异相当大。
(2)differently 是副词,意为“不同地”、“有区别地”。例如:
I thought of it differently from him. 我和他想的不一样。
(3)difference 是名词,常与between连用。“difference between…and…”意为“……与……之间不同。”例如:
Can you tell the differences between the twins? 你能区分这对双胞胎吗?
Are there any differences between this car and that one?
这辆车与那辆车有什么不同之处吗?
7. 用ago或before填空。
⑴I bought my first bike two years ____.
⑵You must finish the work ____ Saturday.
⑶We saw the film five days ____.
⑷Why haven’t you told me that ____?
⑸He said he had finished his work two days ____.
[Key:⑴ago ⑵before ⑶ago ⑷before ⑸before]
【辨析】(1)两者都有“以前”的意思。ago 只能用作副词,位于表示“一段时间”的词语之后,表示从现在算起的若干时间以前,常常与一般过去时的谓语动词连用。before 用作副词时,可单独使用,也可用在表示“一段时间”的词语之后,表示从过去某时刻算起的若干时间以前,常与过去完成时的谓语动词连用。例如:
He can ride a bike now, but he couldn’t a few weeks ago.
他现在会骑自行车了,但几个星期之前他还不会。
He told me he had finished his composition a day before.
他告诉我他一天前就写完了他的作文。
I’ve never heard of her before. 我以前从未听说过她。
(2)before 还可以用作介词和连词,引导一个过去或将来时间的状语。例如:
Please come to see me before six o’clock. 请在六点钟前来看我。
Where did your sister study before she joined the army? 你妹妹参军前在哪里学习?
They mustn’t drink wine before they reach 20. 他们在20岁之前,不能饮酒。
8. 用such或so填空。
⑴I don’t like ____ tea.
⑵Don’t be in ____ a hurry.
⑶We had ____ pleasant a time.
⑷He has ____ few friends here that he feels lonely.
⑸I don’t know it was ____ far away.
⑹I have never seen ____ a beautiful park.
[Key:⑴such ⑵such ⑶so ⑷so ⑸so ⑹such]
【辨析】(1)so是副词,用来修饰形容词或副词。例如:
I am so glad to hear from my friend. 收到我朋友的信我真高兴。
I knew you would beat them because you had played so well in the league.
我知道你们将会打败他们,因为你们在联赛中表现得那么出色。
(2)such是形容词,用来修饰名词,名词前面可以带形容词,也可以不带。如果用such 修饰可数名词单数,其后需加不定冠词a或an。例如:
I had never seen such a good match before that day. 那天以前我从未看过这样好的比赛。
I am interested in such things. 我对这样的事感兴趣。
注意:当单数可数名词前面有形容词修饰时,也可以用so, 但要将不定冠词放在相关的形容词后面。例如:
He told us such a funny story.(=He told us so funny a story.)
他给我们讲了一个如此有趣的故事。
(3)so可以用来修饰“many/much/few/little+名词”,但such 不能这样用。例如:
The dream he had had for so many years ended there.
他多年来所抱有的幻想就在那里破灭了。
There is so little water left in the jar that we must carry some more.
缸里剩下的水这么少,我们必须再去挑一些。
9. 用question或problem填空。
⑴They began to fire ____ at Andrew.
⑵The president of the company has to deal with many ____.
⑶The ____ is how to solve these ____.
⑷This maths ____ is not easy. I can’t work it out.
[Key:⑴questions ⑵problems ⑶question; problems ⑷problem]
【辨析】(1)question指主观存在的疑虑、疑问,可指因疑惑或不能断定而需要对方答复或解决的问题,也可指为获得信息或检测某人的知识而设计的问题,还可指需要考虑、讨论的问题。例如:
May I ask you a question? 我可以问你一个问题吗?
He noticed that she was evading his questions. 他注意到她在回避他的问题。
(2)problem 指客观存在的并有待解决的疑难问题,也可指引起麻烦、疑难或困难的人、物或事,还可指数学、物理学方面的问题。有时problem 和question可以相互换用。例如:
I come face to face with a new problem. 我面临着一个新的问题。
He was thinking about a maths problem. 他正在思考一道数学题。
The question/problem is that we don’t know who did it.
问题是我们不知道这件事是谁干的。
“解答问题”是answer the question, “解决问题”是solve/settle the problem。例如:
Can you answer this question? 你能回答这个问题吗?
He can solve the difficult problem. 他能解决这个难题。
10. 用be angry with或be angry at填空。
⑴He ____ being kept waiting at the bus-stop for a long time.
⑵I ____ his words.
⑶Mother ____ me only because I had broken a precious cup.
⑷The father ____ the boy’s laziness.
[Key:⑴was angry at ⑵am angry at ⑶was angry with ⑷was angry at]
【辨析】be angry with表示“对某人生气”,后跟表示“人”的名词作宾语,而且其后还可以再跟for doing sth., 表示生气的原因;而be angry at表示“因某事生气”,后接表示“言行”的名词(代词)、动词-ing形式或what 从句作宾语。试比较:
He was angry with me for not having done anything. 我什么都没做,他为此很生我的气。
She was rather angry at missing the bus. 她因没有赶上公共汽车而相当生气。
He was angry at what I did. 他对我所做的事感到生气。
11. 用hear, hear about/of或hear from填空。
⑴I haven’t ____ my parents for nearly a month.
⑵We are sorry to ____ his illness.
⑶They ____ a knock at the door just now.
⑷Do you often ____ your aunt?
⑸We ____ him going down the stairs.
⑹I ____ one of the pandas has a baby.
[Key:⑴heard from ⑵hear about/of ⑶heard ⑷hear from ⑸heard ⑹hear]
【辨析】(1)hear和hear about/of都有“听说”的意思。hear 后面可接宾语从句,hear about/of后面可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。试比较:
I heard that there was a supermarket near Li Mei’s home. 我听说李梅家附近有一个超市。
I’ve never heard about/of that before. 我以前从未听说过那件事。
I have heard about/of him. 我听人提到过他。
hear 还可作“听见”、“听到”解,后面可以接省去to的动词不定式或动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语。例如:
I heard the boy go down the stairs. 我听到这个男孩下楼去了。
I heard him singing in the next room. 我听见他正在隔壁房间里唱歌。
(2)hear from意为“收到……的信”、“得到……消息”。例如:
How often do you hear from your father? 你每隔多久收到你父亲的来信?
I haven’t heard from him since he telephoned. 自从他打电话以后,我就一直没有他的消息。
注意:这一短语后面的宾语是表示人的名词或代词,而不是表示信件的名词。试译:
我们有好几个星期没有收到他的信了。
误:We haven’t heard from his letter for weeks.
正:We haven’t heard from him for weeks./We haven’t got a letter from him for weeks.
12. 用at the moment, for a moment或for the moment填空。
⑴His name has escaped me ____.
⑵____ I am working.
⑶Won’t you come in ____?
⑷____ I can’t go to your place.
[Key:⑴for the moment ⑵At the moment ⑶for a moment ⑷For the moment]
【辨析】(1)at the moment可与现在时态的谓语动词连用,意为“此刻”、“刚才”,相当于just now, the 可以用this 替换; at the moment 也可与过去时态的谓语动词连用,意为“那时”,相当于just then, the可以用that 替换。例如:
There are still some difficulties at the moment. 目前还有些困难。
He was busy at the moment. 当(那)时他很忙。
(2)for a moment表示“片刻”、“一会儿”。for the moment表示“暂时”,也可指过去的“当时”或现在的“此刻”,相当于at that(this) moment。试比较:
The captain seemed to hesitate for a moment. 上尉似乎犹豫了片刻。
Stop discussing such a matter for the moment. 这样的事,暂时就别讨论了。
I have nothing to do for the moment. 此刻我无事可做。
13. 用a few, few, a little或little填空。
⑴Do you feel ____ cold?
⑵This cup has ____ milk in it.
⑶He knows ____ Japanese at all.
⑷He’s going to borrow ____ books from the library.
⑸I know much Japanese. But I know ____ French words.
[Key:⑴a little ⑵a little/little ⑶little ⑷a few ⑸few]
【辨析】(1)a few, few用来修饰可数名词,a little, little 用来修饰不可数名词; a few, a little 表示肯定意义,意为“有一些”,few 和little 是半否定词,表示“几乎没有”。试比较:
There is a little milk left in the bottle. 瓶里还剩一点儿牛奶。
There is little food in the fridge. 冰箱里几乎没有什么吃的东西了。
There are a few apples on the tree. 树上有一些苹果。
He has few friends here, because he is new.
因为他是新来的,所以他在这里几乎没有什么朋友。
(2)quite a few和quite a little表示“相当多”、“不少”;very few和very little表示“很少”。例如:
There are quite a few people at the bus stop waiting for the bus.
在公共汽车站有相当多的人在等车。
There’s still quite a little milk in that bottle. 那个瓶子里还有不少牛奶。
Very few people come for a visit in this season. 这个季节中很少有人到这儿来旅游。
I’ve got very little money on me now. 现在我身上几乎没有什么钱。
(3)a little 在句中可以作状语用,意为“一点儿”,与a bit同义,而a few则不可在句中作状语用。例如:
She likes rice and bread a little. 她有点喜欢吃米饭和面包。
He was a little tired after the trip. 那次旅行后他有点累了。
14. 用late或later填空。
⑴Why did you come so ____?
⑵Three days ____ he came back.
⑶Nine months ____ they met again.
⑷We shall have to hurry, or we shall be ____ for the early bus.
⑸He came here in ____ June.
[Key:⑴late ⑵later ⑶later ⑷late ⑸late]
【辨析】(1)late意为“迟”、“晚”,可用作形容词,也可用作副词。be late for意为“因……而迟到”。late的比较级形式为later。例如:
These apples ripen in late autumn. 这些苹果晚秋才成熟。
He often gets up late. 他经常起床很晚。
They were late for the meeting yesterday. 昨天他们开会迟到了。
The boy is often later for school than the others. 这男孩到校经常比别人晚一些。
(2)later 除用作late 的比较级外,还可单独用作副词,意为“后来”、“以后”,往往用以前或现在的时间或事情为基准,因此,常与一般过去时或一般将来时的谓语动词连用。例如:
Later he learned how to repair television sets. 后来他学会了如何修理电视机。
The radio says the sun will come out later. 收音机广播说过些时候太阳就会出来的。
“一段时间+later”结构也常在句中用作时间状语。例如:
He came back a week later. 一星期后他回来了。
Half an hour later she woke up and began to cry. 半小时后她醒来,接着开始哭了起来。
注意:“一段时间+later”不可用来表示从现在算起的“若干时间以后”。若说“从(现在起)……之后”,应该用“in+一段时间”。试译:两天后我再来拜访。
误:I shall call again two days later.
正:I shall call again in two days.
⑴“____ do you help your mother do the housework, Danny?” “Once a week.”
⑵“____ have you been to Shanghai before?” “Three times.”
⑶“____ do you have to take this medicine a day?” “Three times.”
⑷“____ do you go to the country to see your grandparents, Li Ming?” “Twice a year.”
[Key:⑴How often ⑵How many times ⑶How many times ⑷How often]
【辨析】(1)how often 意为“多久(一次)”,用来询问某动作间隔多久进行一次,即用来询问动作间隔的时间长度或动作发生的频率,即可以用来对once a week(一周一次), twice a month(一月二次),three times a day(一天三次)等频度状语进行提问。例如:
Mrs Brown goes shopping twice a week. (对划线部分提问)
→How often does Mrs Brown go shopping?
(2)how many times 是用来询问次数的,意为“多少次”。常对once(一次), twice(两次), three times(三次)等状语进行提问。例如:
“How many times did you go to Beijing?” “Only once.” “你去过北京几次?” “只去过一次。”
2. 用hard 或hardly 填空。
⑴Think ____ and you’ll have a good idea.
⑵I was so tired that I could ____ rise to my feet.
⑶It began to blow quite ____ just before midnight.
⑷Don’t be too ____ on me.
⑸I know that he leads a very ____ life.
⑹At this hour there was ____ any noise in the street.
[Key:⑴hard ⑵hardly ⑶hard ⑷hard ⑸hard ⑹hardly]
【辨析】hardly 和hard 不是简单的派生关系。在词典中,两者是以独立的词条出现的。hardly 与hard 在词义、词性的句法作用上都有所不同。
(1)hardly 是副词,意为“几乎不”、“简直不”,多和can 连用。can hardly在意思上接近于almost not。hardly 也可作“几乎没有”解,后面常跟any。hardly any 在意思上接近于almost no。例如:
The farmer and his wife can hardly make their way through such a large crowd.
农夫和妻子几乎不能从这一大群人中间挤过去。
There’s hardly any coal left. 这几乎没有煤剩下。
Once you are used to smoking, you can hardly give it up.
一旦你习惯吸烟,几乎就戒不掉。
(2)hard 可用作形容词或副词。用作形容词时,hard 作“困难的”“硬的”、“勤奋的”、“严厉的”、“苛刻的”解。例如:
That means that once you start taking the drug, it is hard to give it up.
这就意味着,你一旦吸上毒,就很难戒掉。
Steel is harder than wood. 钢比木头硬。
Tom is a hard student. 汤姆是个很勤奋的学生。
hard 用作副词时,意为“努力地”、“猛烈地”、“剧烈地”。例如:
It was raining hard when I got there. 我到达那里时,正下着大雨。
The little girl looked at me and cried harder and harder.
那小女孩看了看我,哭得越来越厉害了。
The people are all working hard. 人们都在努力地工作。
3. 用no或not填空。
⑴There are ____ any knives in the bag.
⑵I have ____ much time.
⑶They are ____ playing basketball.
⑷There is ____ water in the glass.
⑸He has ____ balloons.
[Key:⑴not ⑵not ⑶not ⑷no ⑸no]
【辨析】no 和not 都含否定意义。二者之间的区别是:no可用作形容词,也可用作副词;not只可用作副词。no 用作形容词时,可直接放在名词前面。但如果名词前面已经有a, the, his, much, any 等限定词,则应该在这些词前面用not。例如:
There are no classes this afternoon. 今天下午没有课。
It’s a duck, not a chicken. 这是只鸭子,不是只鸡。
试译:杯子里没有茶。
误:There is no any tea in the cup.
正:There is not any tea in the cup./There is no tea in the cup.
注意:no 后面的名词可以是单数形式,也可以是复数形式。例如:
I have no radio(s). 我没有收音机。
no 后面接名词的单数形式还是接名词的复数形式,有时应依据实际情况而定。例如:
That dog has no tail. 那条狗没有尾巴。(因为狗只有一条尾巴,所以此处的tail为单数形式。)
4. 用must或have to填空。
⑴I ____ write her a letter next week.
⑵We ____ always follow(跟随) the Party.
⑶He ____ wait for another two hours because the train is late.
⑷We’ll ____ get up early tomorrow morning.
[Key:⑴must/have to ⑵must ⑶has to ⑷have to]
【辨析】(1)两者都可以表示“必须”。must 着重于表示说话人主观上认为自己有义务、有必要,have to 着重于表示客观上“不得不”。例如:
We must work hard. 我们必须努力工作。(是我们要这样做)
We have to work hard. 我们得卖力干活。(环境使我们不得不这样做)
I have to help my mother do housework. 我得帮助我母亲做家务。
(2)must 只有一种形式,通常表示现在或将来时,而have to 有各种时态形式。例如:
When I was your age, I already had to work. 我像你们这么大时,已经不得不工作了。
I’ll have to go to the countryside tomorrow. 明天我得去乡下。
(3)用于否定句时,mustn’t 表示“不准”、“不许可”、“禁止”; have not to(或don’t have to) 则表示“不必”。例如:
You mustn’t smoke in the classroom. 不准你在教室里抽烟。
You don’t have to worry about his studies. 你不必为他的学习而担心。
5. 用health, healthy或unhealthy填空。
⑴It is ____ to eat junk food.
⑵You should take a lot of ____ exercise.
⑶Your grandfather has a very ____ looking.
⑷To most people, ____ is more important than money.
⑸You do not look so ____ these days. You’d better go and see a doctor.
[Key:⑴unhealthy ⑵healthy ⑶healthy ⑷health ⑸healthy]
【辨析】health是名词,意为“健康”。healthy 是由名词health 加后缀-y派生出来的同义形容词。healthy 意为“健康的”、“强壮的”,其同义词为fit, 相当于well或strong。其反义词是unhealthy 或者weak。例如:
His health is not good. 他的身体不好。
Here’s to your health! 祝你健康!
“How are you recently?” “Oh, I’m very healthy.” “你近来怎样?” “哦,我很好。”
As he just left hospital, he is still not so healthy.(=As he just left hospital, he is still quite unhealthy/weak.) 因为刚刚出院,他的身体仍然相当虚弱。
6. 用different, differently或difference填空。
⑴There are five ____ between the two pictures.
⑵English names are ____ from Chinese names.
⑶Taking more exercise makes a big ____ to your health.
⑷Boys and girls behaved ____ when they were playing that game.
[Key:⑴differences ⑵different ⑶difference ⑷differently]
【辨析】(1)different是形容词,意为“不同的”、“有区别的”,可用作定语和表语。“be different from…”意为“……与……不同”。例如:
There are different kinds of animals in the woods. 森林里有不同种类的动物。
My computer is pretty different from yours. 我的电脑与你的电脑差异相当大。
(2)differently 是副词,意为“不同地”、“有区别地”。例如:
I thought of it differently from him. 我和他想的不一样。
(3)difference 是名词,常与between连用。“difference between…and…”意为“……与……之间不同。”例如:
Can you tell the differences between the twins? 你能区分这对双胞胎吗?
Are there any differences between this car and that one?
这辆车与那辆车有什么不同之处吗?
7. 用ago或before填空。
⑴I bought my first bike two years ____.
⑵You must finish the work ____ Saturday.
⑶We saw the film five days ____.
⑷Why haven’t you told me that ____?
⑸He said he had finished his work two days ____.
[Key:⑴ago ⑵before ⑶ago ⑷before ⑸before]
【辨析】(1)两者都有“以前”的意思。ago 只能用作副词,位于表示“一段时间”的词语之后,表示从现在算起的若干时间以前,常常与一般过去时的谓语动词连用。before 用作副词时,可单独使用,也可用在表示“一段时间”的词语之后,表示从过去某时刻算起的若干时间以前,常与过去完成时的谓语动词连用。例如:
He can ride a bike now, but he couldn’t a few weeks ago.
他现在会骑自行车了,但几个星期之前他还不会。
He told me he had finished his composition a day before.
他告诉我他一天前就写完了他的作文。
I’ve never heard of her before. 我以前从未听说过她。
(2)before 还可以用作介词和连词,引导一个过去或将来时间的状语。例如:
Please come to see me before six o’clock. 请在六点钟前来看我。
Where did your sister study before she joined the army? 你妹妹参军前在哪里学习?
They mustn’t drink wine before they reach 20. 他们在20岁之前,不能饮酒。
8. 用such或so填空。
⑴I don’t like ____ tea.
⑵Don’t be in ____ a hurry.
⑶We had ____ pleasant a time.
⑷He has ____ few friends here that he feels lonely.
⑸I don’t know it was ____ far away.
⑹I have never seen ____ a beautiful park.
[Key:⑴such ⑵such ⑶so ⑷so ⑸so ⑹such]
【辨析】(1)so是副词,用来修饰形容词或副词。例如:
I am so glad to hear from my friend. 收到我朋友的信我真高兴。
I knew you would beat them because you had played so well in the league.
我知道你们将会打败他们,因为你们在联赛中表现得那么出色。
(2)such是形容词,用来修饰名词,名词前面可以带形容词,也可以不带。如果用such 修饰可数名词单数,其后需加不定冠词a或an。例如:
I had never seen such a good match before that day. 那天以前我从未看过这样好的比赛。
I am interested in such things. 我对这样的事感兴趣。
注意:当单数可数名词前面有形容词修饰时,也可以用so, 但要将不定冠词放在相关的形容词后面。例如:
He told us such a funny story.(=He told us so funny a story.)
他给我们讲了一个如此有趣的故事。
(3)so可以用来修饰“many/much/few/little+名词”,但such 不能这样用。例如:
The dream he had had for so many years ended there.
他多年来所抱有的幻想就在那里破灭了。
There is so little water left in the jar that we must carry some more.
缸里剩下的水这么少,我们必须再去挑一些。
9. 用question或problem填空。
⑴They began to fire ____ at Andrew.
⑵The president of the company has to deal with many ____.
⑶The ____ is how to solve these ____.
⑷This maths ____ is not easy. I can’t work it out.
[Key:⑴questions ⑵problems ⑶question; problems ⑷problem]
【辨析】(1)question指主观存在的疑虑、疑问,可指因疑惑或不能断定而需要对方答复或解决的问题,也可指为获得信息或检测某人的知识而设计的问题,还可指需要考虑、讨论的问题。例如:
May I ask you a question? 我可以问你一个问题吗?
He noticed that she was evading his questions. 他注意到她在回避他的问题。
(2)problem 指客观存在的并有待解决的疑难问题,也可指引起麻烦、疑难或困难的人、物或事,还可指数学、物理学方面的问题。有时problem 和question可以相互换用。例如:
I come face to face with a new problem. 我面临着一个新的问题。
He was thinking about a maths problem. 他正在思考一道数学题。
The question/problem is that we don’t know who did it.
问题是我们不知道这件事是谁干的。
“解答问题”是answer the question, “解决问题”是solve/settle the problem。例如:
Can you answer this question? 你能回答这个问题吗?
He can solve the difficult problem. 他能解决这个难题。
10. 用be angry with或be angry at填空。
⑴He ____ being kept waiting at the bus-stop for a long time.
⑵I ____ his words.
⑶Mother ____ me only because I had broken a precious cup.
⑷The father ____ the boy’s laziness.
[Key:⑴was angry at ⑵am angry at ⑶was angry with ⑷was angry at]
【辨析】be angry with表示“对某人生气”,后跟表示“人”的名词作宾语,而且其后还可以再跟for doing sth., 表示生气的原因;而be angry at表示“因某事生气”,后接表示“言行”的名词(代词)、动词-ing形式或what 从句作宾语。试比较:
He was angry with me for not having done anything. 我什么都没做,他为此很生我的气。
She was rather angry at missing the bus. 她因没有赶上公共汽车而相当生气。
He was angry at what I did. 他对我所做的事感到生气。
11. 用hear, hear about/of或hear from填空。
⑴I haven’t ____ my parents for nearly a month.
⑵We are sorry to ____ his illness.
⑶They ____ a knock at the door just now.
⑷Do you often ____ your aunt?
⑸We ____ him going down the stairs.
⑹I ____ one of the pandas has a baby.
[Key:⑴heard from ⑵hear about/of ⑶heard ⑷hear from ⑸heard ⑹hear]
【辨析】(1)hear和hear about/of都有“听说”的意思。hear 后面可接宾语从句,hear about/of后面可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。试比较:
I heard that there was a supermarket near Li Mei’s home. 我听说李梅家附近有一个超市。
I’ve never heard about/of that before. 我以前从未听说过那件事。
I have heard about/of him. 我听人提到过他。
hear 还可作“听见”、“听到”解,后面可以接省去to的动词不定式或动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语。例如:
I heard the boy go down the stairs. 我听到这个男孩下楼去了。
I heard him singing in the next room. 我听见他正在隔壁房间里唱歌。
(2)hear from意为“收到……的信”、“得到……消息”。例如:
How often do you hear from your father? 你每隔多久收到你父亲的来信?
I haven’t heard from him since he telephoned. 自从他打电话以后,我就一直没有他的消息。
注意:这一短语后面的宾语是表示人的名词或代词,而不是表示信件的名词。试译:
我们有好几个星期没有收到他的信了。
误:We haven’t heard from his letter for weeks.
正:We haven’t heard from him for weeks./We haven’t got a letter from him for weeks.
12. 用at the moment, for a moment或for the moment填空。
⑴His name has escaped me ____.
⑵____ I am working.
⑶Won’t you come in ____?
⑷____ I can’t go to your place.
[Key:⑴for the moment ⑵At the moment ⑶for a moment ⑷For the moment]
【辨析】(1)at the moment可与现在时态的谓语动词连用,意为“此刻”、“刚才”,相当于just now, the 可以用this 替换; at the moment 也可与过去时态的谓语动词连用,意为“那时”,相当于just then, the可以用that 替换。例如:
There are still some difficulties at the moment. 目前还有些困难。
He was busy at the moment. 当(那)时他很忙。
(2)for a moment表示“片刻”、“一会儿”。for the moment表示“暂时”,也可指过去的“当时”或现在的“此刻”,相当于at that(this) moment。试比较:
The captain seemed to hesitate for a moment. 上尉似乎犹豫了片刻。
Stop discussing such a matter for the moment. 这样的事,暂时就别讨论了。
I have nothing to do for the moment. 此刻我无事可做。
13. 用a few, few, a little或little填空。
⑴Do you feel ____ cold?
⑵This cup has ____ milk in it.
⑶He knows ____ Japanese at all.
⑷He’s going to borrow ____ books from the library.
⑸I know much Japanese. But I know ____ French words.
[Key:⑴a little ⑵a little/little ⑶little ⑷a few ⑸few]
【辨析】(1)a few, few用来修饰可数名词,a little, little 用来修饰不可数名词; a few, a little 表示肯定意义,意为“有一些”,few 和little 是半否定词,表示“几乎没有”。试比较:
There is a little milk left in the bottle. 瓶里还剩一点儿牛奶。
There is little food in the fridge. 冰箱里几乎没有什么吃的东西了。
There are a few apples on the tree. 树上有一些苹果。
He has few friends here, because he is new.
因为他是新来的,所以他在这里几乎没有什么朋友。
(2)quite a few和quite a little表示“相当多”、“不少”;very few和very little表示“很少”。例如:
There are quite a few people at the bus stop waiting for the bus.
在公共汽车站有相当多的人在等车。
There’s still quite a little milk in that bottle. 那个瓶子里还有不少牛奶。
Very few people come for a visit in this season. 这个季节中很少有人到这儿来旅游。
I’ve got very little money on me now. 现在我身上几乎没有什么钱。
(3)a little 在句中可以作状语用,意为“一点儿”,与a bit同义,而a few则不可在句中作状语用。例如:
She likes rice and bread a little. 她有点喜欢吃米饭和面包。
He was a little tired after the trip. 那次旅行后他有点累了。
14. 用late或later填空。
⑴Why did you come so ____?
⑵Three days ____ he came back.
⑶Nine months ____ they met again.
⑷We shall have to hurry, or we shall be ____ for the early bus.
⑸He came here in ____ June.
[Key:⑴late ⑵later ⑶later ⑷late ⑸late]
【辨析】(1)late意为“迟”、“晚”,可用作形容词,也可用作副词。be late for意为“因……而迟到”。late的比较级形式为later。例如:
These apples ripen in late autumn. 这些苹果晚秋才成熟。
He often gets up late. 他经常起床很晚。
They were late for the meeting yesterday. 昨天他们开会迟到了。
The boy is often later for school than the others. 这男孩到校经常比别人晚一些。
(2)later 除用作late 的比较级外,还可单独用作副词,意为“后来”、“以后”,往往用以前或现在的时间或事情为基准,因此,常与一般过去时或一般将来时的谓语动词连用。例如:
Later he learned how to repair television sets. 后来他学会了如何修理电视机。
The radio says the sun will come out later. 收音机广播说过些时候太阳就会出来的。
“一段时间+later”结构也常在句中用作时间状语。例如:
He came back a week later. 一星期后他回来了。
Half an hour later she woke up and began to cry. 半小时后她醒来,接着开始哭了起来。
注意:“一段时间+later”不可用来表示从现在算起的“若干时间以后”。若说“从(现在起)……之后”,应该用“in+一段时间”。试译:两天后我再来拜访。
误:I shall call again two days later.
正:I shall call again in two days.