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苏联《幼儿园教育大纲》规定,幼儿园劳动教育的主要任务是:形成学前儿童正确的劳动态度;培养他们对劳动的兴趣及简单的劳动技能和技巧;教他们认识或成人的劳动,尊重劳动人民,爱惜劳动成果,形成劳动观念;通过有组织的劳动活动,培养他们相互关心,相互帮助的优良品质。《大纲》规定了四类劳动: (1)自我服务,即自己照顾自己的劳动。如盥洗、穿脱衣服、收拾床铺、准备工作场地等。这类劳动是日常生活中所必需的,而且每天都要重复,这有利于培养儿童自我服务的能力。(2)日常生活中的清卫劳动。其目的是保持室内外环境的清洁和整齐,教儿童会自觉地打扫和整理周围环境。这类劳动都是为大家服务的,这有利于培养儿童的责任感和集体主义精神。(3)接触自然的劳动。照管小动物,在自然角、菜
The Soviet Kindergarten Education Syllabus stipulates that the main tasks of kindergarten labor education are: to form a correct working attitude towards preschool children; to cultivate their interest in labor and simple labor skills and skills; to teach them knowledge or adult labor, respect working people, Cherish the fruits of labor and form a concept of labor; and cultivate their excellent quality of mutual care and mutual assistance through organized labor activities. The Outline provides four types of labor: (1) self-service, that is, taking care of one’s own work. Such as washing, wearing clothes, tidying up beds, preparing work places, etc. Such work is necessary in daily life and repeated on a daily basis, which helps to develop children’s self-service ability. (2) Qing Wei labor in daily life. Its purpose is to keep the indoor and outdoor environment clean and tidy and to teach children to consciously clean and organize their surroundings. Such work is for all to serve, which is conducive to cultivating children’s sense of responsibility and collectivism. (3) work in contact with nature. Care for small animals, in natural corners, dishes