一般认为,欧洲在研究和发展(R&D)方面与美,日两国相比不相上下,但在科研成果的工业化和商品化方面就逊色了。欧洲有识者把这看作是欧洲工业缺乏竞争力的主要原因,因此十多年来一直在探索如何才能更好地促进科研成果的转化和加强科技界、工业界、投资部门之间的合作。1983年,欧共体推出了 It is generally believed that Europe is as good as the United States and Japan in research and development (R & D), but inferior in industrialization and commercialization of scientific research. Educators in Europe see this as a major cause of the lack of competitiveness of European industries and have been exploring for more than a decade how best to promote the transformation of scientific research and to strengthen cooperation among science, technology, industry and investment sectors . In 1983, the European Community was introduced