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冰物理微结构特征控制着冰层基本物理性质.基于多年冬季对东北平原区水库和湖泊冰层生消过程、气象条件,以及冰层晶体、冰内气泡和密度特征的现场观测,分析了淡水湖冰微结构的季节演化和年变化规律及其影响因素.湖冰晶体结构、气泡含量与分布、冰密度具有明显的分层结构,且在冰厚增长期和稳定期内基本维持不变;进入融化期,冰内微结构变化迅速,表现为晶体边界融化、气泡体积扩展和融水迁移.不同年份、不同湖泊冰晶体类型和气泡形态类似,但各类晶体层厚度比例、气泡含量与尺寸存在差异.统计分析显示,晶体和气泡结构与湖冰生长速率关系密切,晶体粒径与生长速率呈正比,水内气体的产生和溶解过程、水体扰动程度的差异影响着气泡含量同生长速率之间的关系.
The physical characteristics of the ice physical micro-structure control the basic physical properties of the ice.Based on the field observations of the ice-forming process, meteorological conditions and the bubble and density characteristics of ice crystals and ice in the Northeast Plains for many years, The seasonal evolution and annual variation of lake ice microstructure and its influencing factors are shown in Fig. 1. The crystal structure, bubble content and distribution, ice density of lake ice have obvious stratification structure and remain basically unchanged during ice thickness growth period and stabilization period; During the thawing period, the microstructure of the ice changes rapidly, which is characterized by crystal boundary melting, bubble volume expansion and melt water migration. There are differences.Statistical analysis shows that the crystal and bubble structure are closely related to the growth rate of lake ice and the grain size is in direct proportion to the growth rate.The differences of the gas production and dissolution process and the disturbance of water body affect the bubble growth rate Relationship between.