教学是以促进学习的方式影响学习者的一系列事件,而教学设计必须基于人们如何学习知识,因此教学设计必须相应地充分考虑学习的条件。我们的对象是学生,因此我们需要研究基于学生的教学设计。美国教育心理学家奥苏伯尔博士(David Ausube1)有过精辟的论述:如果我不得不把全都教育心理学还原为一句话,我将会说,影响学习唯一的、最重要的因素,是学生已经知道了什么。要探明这点,并应据此进行教学。那么怎么探明这一点呢?根据小学 Teaching is a series of events that affect learners in ways that promote learning. Instructional design must be based on how people learn knowledge, so instructional design must fully consider the learning conditions accordingly. Our target is students, so we need to study student-based instructional design. David Ausube1, an educational psychologist in the United States, has an incisive discourse: If I had to reduce all educational psychology to one sentence, I would say that the single most important factor affecting learning was What the student already knows To prove this, and should be teaching accordingly. So how to find out this? According to primary school