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在软性预算制约的情况下,需求方面不存在自愿约束。说需求过大还不够,甚至可以说需求是无限的,以致于达到各项投入的供应极限。所以,在企业之间的投入——产出关系上,这种体系就是一种资源制约体系。因此,假如预算制约是软性的,标准微观经济学的一些基本原理均不能成立。这是理解这种“短缺经济”微观基础的关键。宏观分析我们为提出一个简化模型作如下若干假设:①我们只讨论社会主义经济的“传统”形式;②只作短期分析;③只谈静态经济;④只涉及可以库存的货物,不考虑劳务;⑤经济被划分为两个部分:企业部分和家庭部分,不考虑非营利单位;⑥不谈外贸;⑦生产将按马克思的再生产理论分为两类:第Ⅰ类,
In the case of soft budget constraints, there is no voluntary constraint on demand. It is not enough to say that the demand is too large. It can even be said that the demand is unlimited, so as to reach the supply limit of various inputs. Therefore, in the input-output relationship between enterprises, this system is a resource control system. Therefore, if the budgetary constraints are soft, some basic principles of standard microeconomics cannot be established. This is the key to understanding the microeconomic foundation of this “shortage economy”. Macro-analysis We make the following assumptions for proposing a simplified model: 1 We only discuss the “traditional” forms of the socialist economy; 2 only for short-term analysis; 3 only for static economics; 4 only for goods that can be inventoried and do not consider services; 5 The economy is divided into two parts: the enterprise part and the family part, not considering non-profit units; 6 not talking about foreign trade; 7 production will be divided into two categories according to Marx's theory of reproduction: Category I,