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改革前,苏联的科研经费均由国家预算拨款,科研机构无偿使用,不搞经济核算,不注重科技活动的经济效益,致使科技活动的效率低下。在科技管理体制改革中,对科研经费的分配办法作了重大调整。科研经费的投入不再按科研机构拨款,而是实行科技成果有偿服务,通过合同定题,由使用单位提供经费,或者通过技术市场,实行科技成果交易和转让。1987年苏共中央和部长会议通过了"关于科研单位向完全经济核算和自筹资金过渡的决
Before the reform, the scientific research funds of the Soviet Union were all appropriated from the state budget. Scientific research institutions used them for free. They did not engage in economic accounting and did not pay attention to the economic benefits of scientific and technological activities, resulting in the inefficiency of scientific and technological activities. In the reform of science and technology management system, major adjustments have been made to the distribution of scientific research funds. R & D investment is no longer funded by scientific research institutions, but the implementation of paid services for scientific and technological achievements, through the subject of the contract, the use of units to provide funding, or through the technology market, the implementation of scientific and technological achievements in the transaction and transfer. In 1987, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union and the Council of Ministers adopted the resolution on the transition of scientific research units to complete economic accounting and self-financing