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在美术教学中,长期来存在着教师怎么教,学生就怎么画,教师一笔一笔教、学生一笔一笔画的现象,这种使学生思维束缚于单线条,单方向的模式,严格地限制和压抑了学生的创造力.为此,我们试图改变这种情况,在美术课加强发散性思维训练,以培养和提高学生创造思维的能力.训练方法是:从具体形象引导发散思维.引导学生通过某个具体形象去联想其它形象并丰富绘画内容.教学时可选择学生熟悉的,感兴趣的题材入手,启发儿童把思维扩散到四面八方.例如儿童喜爱的动物画,可以这样训练:先教会学生画一只大象,从组成大象的基本形体,身体、头部、鼻、腿着手,再教位置移动的变化规律.接着,就以大象为发散点加以扩散.扩散时,要创设情景,让儿童置身画境,倾泻情感,融感情于绘画内容之中.画前可共同设想几个问题,但不出示范例(见表).
In the art teaching, there are long-term teachers’ how to teach, how to paint on the students, teachers’ teaching on a one-for-one basis and students’ strokes on a one-stroke basis. Limit and suppress students ’creativity.To this end, we try to change this situation and strengthen the divergent thinking training in art class to train and improve students’ abilities to create thinking.Training methods are: to guide the divergent thinking from the concrete image. Through a specific image, students can think of other images and enrich the content of painting. The students are encouraged to choose their familiar and interesting subjects to inspire their children to spread their ideas in all directions. For example, children’s favorite animal pictures can be trained in the following ways: Students draw an elephant, from the basic form of the composition of the elephant, body, head, nose, legs, and then change the position of the movement patterns. Then spread to the elephant as a divergence. Scene, let the children exposure to the environment, pouring emotions, emotions into the content of the painting. Can be conceived before drawing several issues, but do not show examples (see table).