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普通玉米籽粒的蛋白质含量一般在10％上下,籽粒胚乳中的醇溶蛋白占50—60％,这种蛋白质缺少人体和单胃动物生长发育所必需的赖氨酸和色氨酸。1964年麦茨等人用早年发现的“奥帕克—2”(简称02)隐性突变基因材料进行生化分折,发现这种玉米籽粒胚乳中的赖氨酸含量比普通玉米高出1倍。从60年代中期起,国外就以“奥帕克—2”作为玉米籽粒蛋白质品质育种的一个重要种源了。我国一些农业科研单位,从70年代初引入“奥帕克—2”开始玉米品质育种。近年,中国农科院作物所、北京农大已选育出一批高赖氨酸玉米杂交种,正在进行试验示范推广,并已取得良好的效果。
Common maize kernel protein content is generally 10% up and down, grain endosperm gliadin 50-60%, this protein is lacking in human and monogastric animal growth and development of lysine and tryptophan. In 1964, Metz et al. Used biochemical analysis of the recessive mutant gene of Opaque-2 (referred to as 02) found in the early years and found that the content of lysine in the endosperm of this corn seed was twice as high as that of ordinary corn. Since the mid-1960s, “Opaque-2” has been used abroad as an important breeding source for protein quality of maize grains. Some agricultural research institutes in China introduced “Opaque-2” from the early 1970s to start corn quality breeding. In recent years, the Crop Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing Agricultural University has bred a group of high-lysine corn hybrids, is undergoing experimental demonstration and promotion, and has achieved good results.