古辞书《尔雅》注“落”字为始也,旁有诂解释道:“落,于花为落,于实为始。”意思是讲,“落”字对于花来说指花朵凋落之意,而对于果实来说正是始生之时。“凋落”与“始生”其义相反,却同为“落”的原义。“落”作“凋落”解,是大家都很熟悉的,而作“始”解,在古籍中并不乏例。屈原《离骚》:“朝饮木兰之坠露兮,夕餐秋菊之落英。”其句中“落英”如解为凋落之菊花瓣,则与事理不合,因为秋菊的花瓣少有凋落者,多枯萎于枝头。且枯花啖之有何滋味?故“落英”当释为秋天始开之菊花,此时花瓣嫩而多汁,摘而食之,正其时也。值得注意的是,《尔雅》的作者不仅注意到“落”字义兼正反,而且认识到“落”与“始”的关系:有落方有始,落和始是相反相成的。这不正反映了古人朴素的辩证思想么! “反训”现象不仅存在于古代汉语中,而且存在于现代汉语的书面语和口头方言中。我国北方有些 The ancient diction “Erya” Note “Fall ” word for the beginning, next to the 诂 explained: “Fall, in the flower is falling, in the beginning of the beginning. ” Meaning is to say, “ Flower refers to the meaning of flowers litter, but for the fruit is born. ”Litter “ and ”birth “ the opposite meaning, but with ”fall “ of the original meaning. ”Fall “ as ”Litter “ solution, we are all familiar with, and as ”beginning “ solution, there is no shortage of cases in the ancient books. Qu Yuan ”Lisao“: ”The drink of Magnolia’s fall Xi, Xi Qiu Chrysanthemum Falls. “ In the sentence ”Falling English “ If the solution is the littered chrysanthemum petals, then with the reason, because of the petals of Qiuju Few litter, more withered in the branches. And what is the taste of dried flowers? Therefore, ”Falling English“ when the release is the beginning of the autumn chrysanthemum, tender and juicy petals at this time, pick and eat it, as it is. It is noteworthy that the author of ”Erya“ not only noticed the meaning of ”falling“ but also the relationship between ”falling“ and ”beginning“: there is a beginning, a falling, and a beginning Is the opposite of each other. Does this not reflect the simple dialectical thinking of the ancients? The phenomenon of ”anti-training" exists not only in ancient Chinese, but also in written Chinese and oral dialects in modern Chinese. Some in northern China